The effects of cutting pre‐treatments on the performance of asulam on bracken (<i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>)

Lowday, J. E.; Lakhani, K. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1987.tb02018.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This bud pool is one reason for the increased density after cutting and the general difficulty in eradicating Pteridium. If all these buds could be induced to produce emergent fronds, cutting as a means or eradication would be much more effective (Lowday et al 1983;Lowday & Lakhani 1987;Lowday 1987).…”

Section: Frondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

2006

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Summary1 This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of bracken Pteridium (mainly aquilinum ssp. aquilinum) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2 Pteridium is a complex genus comprising a number of species, subspecies and varieties. The treatment here is based on a recent revision that incorporates both morphological and molecular data, and is related to its geographical distribution. 3 Pteridium is thought to be a woodland genus, but it can grow in the open. It is cosmopolitan and occurs on all continents except Antarctica. It responds to human disturbance and is often found in open spaces after forest clearance and cultivation. In some situations it can be a troublesome weed, causing problems for land managers. Moreover, its abundance and distribution in Britain are predicted to increase as a result of global climate change. 4 Pteridium aquilinum ssp. aquilinum, the most common taxon in the British Isles, occurs in many plant communities, and it is apparently limited by frost and waterlogging. Its abundance has probably increased in the relatively recent past as a result of changing land management, and this increase impinges on plant communities with a high conservation interest. The changed land management reflects changing use of agricultural land and also a reduction in the use of Pteridium as a resource. Accordingly, in many places Pteridium is viewed as a weed and management is needed to control it and restore more desirable vegetation. These management techniques are summarized.

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Section: Frondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If all these buds could be induced to produce emergent fronds, cutting as a means or eradication would be much more effective (Lowday et al . 1983; Lowday & Lakhani 1987; Lowday 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

2006

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“…It seems that bracken responded to fertilizer application by increasing productivity, but this response was prevented through spraying with asulam. When cutting was applied before spraying, application of fertilizer might have improved the ability for bracken to translocate the herbicide (Lowday and Lakhani, 1987).…”

Section: Follow-up Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variable Responses of Bracken Fronds to Control Treatments in Great Britain

Duc

Pakeman²,

Putwain

et al. 2000

Annals of Botany

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We describe six experiments set up at four regional locations in Great Britain, in 1993 and1994, to examine the impact of control treatments on bracken and associated vegetation. Present discussion is limited to the effects of treatments on bracken frond variables (density, length and dry mass). These variables would be used by a land manager to judge the extent of infestation and the efficacy of control methods. Results of statistical analyses are reported for the period 1994 to 1998, inclusive. The treatments showed great variability in effectiveness between both sites and years. Great inter-regional differences were seen, but stands at sites within a short distance of each other also varied in their response to treatment. Meso-and micro-climatic differences are suggested as possible causes, together with stand growth phase and genetic effects. The most effective treatments in the short-term were found to be combinations of cutting and herbicide spraying, applied once. Annual cutting usually gave a better result in the longer term. All treatments had greatly improved effects when combined with a follow-up application of herbicide several years after commencement. A number of recommendations are given for management, such as best methods for short-and long-term results. Systematic monitoring is urged as changes in frond density, for example, may reveal the extent of the problem for control at a particular site.

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“…The mechanisms controlling rhizome bud dormancy are not clearly understood although the dormancy of rhizome buds can be released following cutting treatments (Lowday et al, 1983) and possibly also by the addition of nutrients (Daniels, 1986;Schwabe, 1953;Whitehead, 1993). Cutting in particular has been recommended as a method of stimulating rhizome bud activity prior to herbicide treatments (Lowday & Lakhani, 1987). Smaller rhizome biomass and therefore carbohydrate reserves are also present at the stand margins.…”

Section: Mature Stand Vs Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in the North York Moors—a comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) 2. The rhizome

Whitehead

Digby

1997

Annals of Applied Biology

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The rhizome system of mature bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) contains large reserves of both biomass (mean 8.63 kg mP2 fr. wt) and buds (mean 565 m-2) which are largely responsible for both its persistence and its often rapid rates of vegetative encroachment. Within areas such as the North York Moors the spread of bracken into areas previously dominated by heather and grass is considered undesirable because of reduced land value in terms of both agriculture and ecological diversity.In this paper we describe the morphology of bracken rhizome within a mature bracken stand, and at advancing and stationary stand margins where brackenheather interfaces occur. Stationary margins, i.e. those where bracken is not encroaching into heather at a significant rate, often have morphological characteristics intermediate to those of a mature stand and an advancing margin. In the mature stand rhizome biomass is dominated by carbohydrate-storing long shoots which comprise 63% of the total fresh weight, whilst the majority of rhizome buds (89% of all active and 86% of all dormant buds) are found on frondbearing short shoots. At the margins of a bracken stand the proportion of rhizome which is composed of long shoots is even greater, and that of short shoots small relative to that in the mature stand. More transitional shoots are also found at the stand margins. Hence close to the margin a greater proportion of fronds is found on transitional rhizome than is the case in more mature parts of the stand.The majority of buds on all types of rhizome are in a dormant state. The proportion of buds which are active is, however, greater on long and transitional shoots than on short shoots. Hence, a larger proportion of buds are active close to the margin where the rhizome is composed less of short shoots than is the case further into a mature stand.The differences in the morphology of bracken in a mature stand and at the stand margins which are identified here support the idea of controlling bracken at stand margins in preference to the spraying of large areas of dense, mature bracken. Morphological differences include an increased proportion of active buds, greater frequency of fronds per unit rhizome biomass, reduced biomass reserves. Improved conditions for the re-invasion and re-establishment of alternative vegetation are also available at stand margins in comparison with the centre of a dense bracken stand.

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The effects of cutting pre‐treatments on the performance of asulam on bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

The Variable Responses of Bracken Fronds to Control Treatments in Great Britain

The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in the North York Moors—a comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) 2. The rhizome

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