The Effects of Dairy Product and Dairy Protein Intake on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nieman, Kristin M.; Anderson, Barbara; Cifelli, Christopher J.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Many studies assessing the effect of dairy on blood lipids, and/or inflammatory markers have been carried out in adult populations, and are summarized in narrative and systematic reviews, which have suggested that dairy product intake has neutral to beneficial effects (21-23, 37, 38). The most recent of these reviews included 27 RCTs in adults without severe inflammatory disorders and concluded that dairy product and/or dairy protein consumption had no adverse effects and possibly beneficial effects on low-grade systemic inflammation; a finding that was most commonly observed in adults with OW/OB (37). None of these reviews specifically assessed these relationships in youth with/without exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Effect of Increased Dairy Product Intake, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Program, on Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescent Girls With Overweight/Obesity: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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Background: The presence of obesity and some cardiometabolic disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence track into adulthood. Intake of dairy products has been shown to be inversely related to adiposity and cardiometabolic variables in youth. However, limited research has examined cardiometabolic disease risk factors following increased dairy product consumption as part of a lifestyle modification intervention in youth with overweight/obesity. This secondary analysis aimed to determine whether 12 weeks of increased dairy consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification program, affects cardiometabolic variables in adolescent females (range: 10–18 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI > 85th centile).Methods: Participants were randomized into two groups: higher dairy intake (RDa; four servings/day [to reflect previous Canada's Food Guide recommendations]; n = 23) or low dairy intake (LDa; 0–2 servings/day; n = 23). Both RDa and LDa participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention consisting of exercise training, and nutritional counseling. Adiposity (percent body fat [%BF]), dietary intake, and measures of cardiometabolic health were measured pre- and post-intervention.Results: There were no significant changes over time within groups or differences over time between groups for triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), TC/HDL ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (main effects of time and interactions, p > 0.05). Leptin decreased over the 12-week lifestyle intervention in both groups (main effect of time, p = 0.02). After combining the groups (n = 46), significant correlations were found between change in %BF and change in some cardiometabolic variables (HDL [r = −0.40], TC/HDL ratio [r = 0.42], LDL [r = 0.36], and TNF-α [r = 0.35], p < 0.05). After controlling for change in dairy product intake, the correlations were unchanged.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that increased dairy product consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification, weight management intervention, had a neutral effect on cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. Change in dairy product intake did not influence the relationships between change in adiposity and change in cardiometabolic variables. Future research designed to primarily assess the effect of increased dairy product consumption on cardiometabolic disease risk factors in this population is warranted.Clinical Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT#02581813.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Effect of Increased Dairy Product Intake, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Program, on Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescent Girls With Overweight/Obesity: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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“…This presents a major opportunity for improving global health as higher intake of dairy foods have consistently been shown to improve health by reducing the incidence of numerous nutrient deficiencies, as well as the ability to mitigate the risk for some of the most prolific and debilitating chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (28)(29)(30)(31). Notably, two recent systematic reviews focused on inflammation (which has been hypothesized to be the underlying cause of several chronic disease states), found neutral to beneficial effects of higher total dairy intake on inflammatory markers (32,33). Similarly, a growing number of systematic reviews have also consistently found neutral to beneficial effects of dairy intake on body composition and overall cardiometabolic health -with the most beneficial effects on biomarkers such as adiposity, serum lipids, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, being attributed to fermented, fortified, and/or low-fat dairy foods (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Dairy and Health-based Messaging In Food-based Dietary Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Review of Dairy Recommendations in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

et al. 2021

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At present, there are ~100 countries with national food-based dietary guidelines. While the intent of these guidelines is to inform national-level dietary recommendations, they also tie into global health and sustainable development initiatives, since diet and nutrition are linked to outcomes for all 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, key messaging in food-based dietary guidelines plays an important role in both national and global health efforts. However, this type of national-level dietary guidance is not standardized and varies considerably from country to country, and from food group to food group. The main objective of this review is to provide a novel look at dairy food group messaging within global food-based dietary guidelines, focusing specifically on nutrient-based and health-based messaging. Dairy-based messaging from 94 national food-based dietary guidelines was reviewed and grouped by region, with an emphasis on messaging regarding dairy's contribution to nutrients of public health concern for both underconsumption and overconsumption. The results showed that most nutrient-based dairy messaging relating to underconsumption was focused on calcium, followed by vitamin D, iodine, potassium, and protein; whereas messaging related to overconsumption was focused on saturated fat, added sugars, and salt. Health-based messaging specific to dairy food intake typically coalesced around three types of health outcomes: (1) bone, teeth, and muscle, (2) cardiometabolic, and (3) gut and immune. Although a fundamental concept of food-based dietary guidelines is to provide dietary guidance in a manner that is both “food-based,” and in the context of “dietary” patterns, most food-based dietary guidelines still express the health value of dairy foods (and potentially other foods groups) solely in terms of their nutrient content – and often times only in the context of a single nutrient (e.g., calcium).

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“…Nutrition, along with weight, alcohol intake, physical activity, and other factors, is considered a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Dietary factors such as fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with decreased concentrations of markers of inflammation, whereas other factors such as saturated fat and sodium have been associated with increased levels of inflammation ( 28 ).…”

Section: Current Status Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic reviews of RCTs have evaluated the evidence linking intake of individual dairy foods with markers of inflammation and report similar results to those discussed in the sections on total dairy food intake and dairy fat intake above. The most recent systematic review ( 28 ) identified 19 RCTs on dairy food consumption that also assessed biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1). Eighteen of the trials reviewed reported either no impact of dairy food intake on inflammation or an anti-inflammatory effect of dairy food intake ( 28 ).…”

Section: Current Status Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies

Hess

Stephensen

Kratz

et al. 2021

Advances in Nutrition

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Systemic chronic inflammation may be a contributing factor to many noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. With the rapid rise of these conditions, identifying the causes of and treatment for chronic inflammation is an important research priority, especially with regard to modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet. An emerging body of evidence indicates that consuming certain foods, including dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, may be linked to a decreased risk for inflammation. To discuss both broader research on diet and inflammation as well as research on links between individual foods and inflammation, the National Dairy Council sponsored a satellite session entitled “Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies” at the American Society for Nutrition's 2020 LIVE ONLINE Conference. This article, a review based on the topics discussed during that session, explores the links between diet and inflammation, focusing most closely on the relations between intake of dairy fat and dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, and biomarkers of inflammation from clinical trials. While there is currently insufficient evidence to prove an “anti-inflammatory” effect of dairy foods, the substantial body of clinical research discussed in this review indicates that dairy foods do not increase concentrations of biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation.

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The Effects of Dairy Product and Dairy Protein Intake on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 46 publications

References 98 publications

Neutral Effect of Increased Dairy Product Intake, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Program, on Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescent Girls With Overweight/Obesity: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Neutral Effect of Increased Dairy Product Intake, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Program, on Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescent Girls With Overweight/Obesity: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Global Review of Dairy Recommendations in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies

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