The effects of delay on neonatal retention of habituated head-turning

Zelazo, Philip R.; Weiss, Michael J.; Randolph, Marguerite; Swain, Irina U.; Moore, David S.

doi:10.1016/0163-6383(87)90040-3

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…23,39 Moreover, numerous studies using orientation-habituation-recovery-related paradigms with various modality-specific or multimodal stimuli have repeatedly demonstrated information-processing ability in young infants, 40,41 supporting the view that infants can create mental representations for events, retain a memory trace, and actively compare new information with mental representation. 42,43 In the present study, the conclusion that recognition memory is better after a meal is consistent with many studies in rats and in human adults and children, suggesting that nutrients can enhance memory.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The 45°criterion was chosen over previously used criteria of 6°2 5 and 15°2 4 to reduce the probability of spurious head turns. 23 The coder began each new trial by depressing a foot pedal. The side of word presentation across the trials was in a right-left-left-right order with the initial side of presentation counterbalanced within subjects.…”

Section: Presentation Of the Word Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,23 Infants initially turn toward a word that is presented randomly on either side, representing orientation. With continued presentations, they stop turning toward it, indicating habituation.…”

Section: Spontaneous-recovery or "Memory" Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Typical Feeding Enhances Memory for Spoken Words in Healthy 2- to 3-Day-Old Newborns

Valiante

Barr²,

Zelazo³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine whether healthy 2-to 3-day-old newborns have better memory of a spoken word after a typical feeding (breast milk or formula) than before a feeding and, if so, whether memory is related to blood glucose. METHODS.A naturalistic study was conducted in which delayed recognition memory of a spoken word was examined in 60 healthy 2-to 3-day-old newborns either 120 minutes after their previous feeding (preprandial) or 30 minutes after their last feeding (postprandial). In this procedure, infants initially turn their head toward a novel word (orientation) and with repeated presentations cease turning toward it (habituation). Mean number of trials to reach orientation and habituation criteria provides measures of attention and rate of learning, respectively. After a 100-second delay, the word is presented again. Infants either turn toward it, indicating that they have forgotten it, or remain habituated, indicating that they remembered the word. Percentage of trials with head turns toward the word after the delay is the principal dependent measure.RESULTS. The postprandial group was split at the median for blood glucose to define high-and low-glucose groups. All 3 groups showed similar rates of orientation and habituation. On reexposure to the word during postdelay trials, the preprandial group displayed less retention than the postprandial high and low groups. No correlation was found between memory and blood glucose levels. The postprandial high blood glucose level differed statistically from the preprandial level, whereas the postprandial low level did not.CONCLUSIONS. Memory for spoken words in newborns is better after a typical milk feeding than before a feeding. This feeding effect is specific to memory and does not include attention or rate of learning. Also, it is not necessarily associated with increased blood glucose. It remains to be seen whether feeding enhances memory for other types of stimuli and what implications this may have for development. T HE INTAKE OF food affects memory in both wellnourished human and non-human animals across different ages. In adult and preweanling infant rats, subcutaneous injections of the carbohydrate glucose (versus saline) enhance memory storage and retrieval. [1][2][3] In humans, ingestion of a glucose drink, compared with placebo, improves declarative verbal memory as well as storage and retrieval processes in healthy young adults, 4 the elderly, 5,6 and populations that are known to exhibit memory deficits, such as patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. 7,8 This may explain why eating breakfast as opposed to missing breakfast leads to improved performance on memory and learning tasks in well-nourished school-aged children and university students. 9 Altogether, these data suggest an important role of nutrient intake on memory across different ages and raise the question of whether fluctuations in memory with acute nutritional intake are present from birth.We recently assessed whether ingestion of a glucose sol...

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Presentation Of the Word Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Typical Feeding Enhances Memory for Spoken Words in Healthy 2- to 3-Day-Old Newborns

Valiante

Barr²,

Zelazo³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

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“…Recovery of orientation to the original stimulus when it is presented after the delay reflects the absence of a mental representation, such that the stimulus is again treated as ''new;'' that is, it has been forgotten. Zelazo et al (1987) examined four delay intervals: 0 (i.e., the usual 10 s interval between presentations), 55, 100, and 145 s. They found turning away to the redundant (0 delay) interval, but recovery of turning towards the stimulus following 100 and 145 s delays. In the 55 s interval, there was equivalent turning towards, away, and absence of turning as was found in the 0 delay interval, indicating that the duration of retention of the word (memory) under these conditions was at least 55 s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several lines of evidence have supported the interpretation that neonatal orientation-habituation and recovery reflects the creation of mental representations of events, retention of a memory trace, and active comparison of new information with mental representations (Ackles & Karrer, 1991;Swain, Zelazo, & Clifton, 1993;Tarquinio, Zelazo, & Weiss, 1990;Zelazo et al, 1991), rather than the competing selective receptor adaptation model that does not posit cognitive and memory processes as requisites to explain these phenomena (Dannemiller & Banks, 1983. In this study, we used a variant of the orientation-habituation-recovery procedure in which a silent delay is inserted between habituation to a repeated single word stimulus and representation of the same word after the delay (Zelazo, Weiss, Randolph, Swain, & Moore, 1987). Absence of recovery to the original stimulus after the delay reflects the presence of an existing mental representation, such that the stimulus is treated as ''not new,'' or remembered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose enhances newborn memory for spoken words

Horne

Barr

Valiante

et al. 2006

Developmental Psychobiology

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The effect of a 2 g/kg glucose feed was compared with a water feed on retention of a spoken word in 2-4 days old infants in a between group randomized trial. Infants heard a word in 30-s trials until they demonstrated orientation (head turns towards the sound) and habituation. After a 100 s delay, infants who received glucose turned toward the word less often than infants receiving water (means 31.8 vs. 57.7%, t = 2.8, p < 0.01) implying that they remembered the word better. There were no differences between groups in measures of attention to or rate of learning of the word. Only infants who subsequently oriented towards a different word, indicating that they remained alert, were used in the data analysis. The results suggest that glucose enhanced memory for a spoken word in neonates.

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