The effects of development at sub-optimal growth temperatures on photosynthetic capacity and susceptibility to chilling-dependent photoinhibition in Zea mays

Nie, Guiying; Long, Stephen P.; Baker, Neil R.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.850322.x

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The chilling tolerance of M. 3 giganteus is shown by comparison here to an inbred maize line selected for the corn belt. This inbred line also parallels responses observed previously for hybrids selected for use at the cold temperature limit of maize cultivation in Europe (Miedema, 1982;Long et al, 1983;Nie et al, 1992). While M. 3 giganteus retains a high photosynthetic rate in leaves transferred to 14°C (18.3 mmol m 22 s 21 ), the rate in maize declined to almost one-quarter of that value (5.3 mmol m 22 s 21 ), even though these leaves had very similar rates of CO 2 uptake to those of M. 3 giganteus prior to being transferred to 14°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In marked contrast to maize grown at the same location, it showed no loss of maximum photosynthetic efficiency during cold spring weather Beale and Long, 1995;Beale et al, 1996). Growing maize at 14°C results in a more than 90% reduction of maximum photosynthetic rate relative to leaves grown at 25°C, whereas M. 3 giganteus grown at 14°C or 10°C shows little loss of photosynthetic capacity (Nie et al, 1992;Naidu and Long, 2004;Farage et al, 2006). Understanding how this is achieved may be critical to adapting maize and other C 4 crops to colder climates or in extending the growing season into cooler periods of the year so allowing greater use of the available solar radiation.…”

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confidence: 82%

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Cool C4 Photosynthesis: Pyruvate Pi Dikinase Expression and Activity Corresponds to the Exceptional Cold Tolerance of Carbon Assimilation inMiscanthus×giganteus

et al. 2008

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The bioenergy feedstock grass Miscanthus 3 giganteus is exceptional among C 4 species for its high productivity in cold climates. It can maintain photosynthetically active leaves at temperatures 6°C below the minimum for maize (Zea mays), which allows it a longer growing season in cool climates. Understanding the basis for this difference between these two closely related plants may be critical in adapting maize to colder weather. When M. 3 giganteus and maize grown at 25°C were transferred to 14°C, light-saturated CO 2 assimilation and quantum yield of photosystem II declined by 30% and 40%, respectively, in the first 48 h in these two species. The decline continued in maize but arrested and then recovered partially in M. 3 giganteus. Within 24 h of the temperature transition, the pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) protein content per leaf area transiently declined in M. 3 giganteus but then steadily increased, such that after 7 d the enzyme content was significantly higher than in leaves growing in 25°C. By contrast it declined throughout the chilling period in maize leaves. Rubisco levels remained constant in M. 3 giganteus but declined in maize. Consistent with increased PPDK protein content, the extractable PPDK activity per unit leaf area (V max,ppdk ) in cold-grown M. 3 giganteus leaves was higher than in warm-grown leaves, while V max,ppdk was lower in coldgrown than in warm-grown maize. The rate of light activation of PPDK was also slower in cold-grown maize than M. 3 giganteus. The energy of activation (E a ) of extracted PPDK was lower in cold-grown than warm-grown M. 3 giganteus but not in maize. The specific activities and E a of purified recombinant PPDK from M. 3 giganteus and maize cloned into Escherichia coli were similar. The increase in PPDK protein in the M. 3 giganteus leaves corresponded to an increase in PPDK mRNA level. These results indicate that of the two enzymes known to limit C 4 photosynthesis, increase of PPDK, not Rubisco content, corresponds to the recovery and maintenance of photosynthetic capacity. Functionally, increased enzyme concentration is shown to increase stability of M. 3 giganteus PPDK at low temperature. The results suggest that increases in either PPDK RNA transcription and/or the stability of this RNA are important for the increase in PPDK protein content and activity in M. 3 giganteus under chilling conditions relative to maize.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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confidence: 82%

Cool C4 Photosynthesis: Pyruvate Pi Dikinase Expression and Activity Corresponds to the Exceptional Cold Tolerance of Carbon Assimilation inMiscanthus×giganteus

et al. 2008

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“…Net photosynthesis at low temperature varied from 28 (H68B) to 46 μmol m −2 s −1 (AR1262) (CR8410VT3P), respectively. Reduction of net photosynthesis in cold-stressed corn plants was observed in previous research (Nie et al 1992;Fryer et al 1995;Haldimann et al 1996) and they stated that low temperature decreased the period of photosynthetic activity in corn. Moreover, low temperature has been reported to damage and reduce photosynthesis.…”

Section: Gas Exchange Traitsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Under suboptimal temperatures, corn is prone to physiological damages such as photosynthesis, one of the processes most sensitive to cold temperature. Prior studies on corn seedlings grown under low temperatures were reported to reduce photosynthetic capacity, impair chloroplast function, and lower quantum efficiency of electron transfer at PSII than seedlings developed under more optimum temperature conditions (Nie et al 1992;Fracheboud et al 1999;Leipner et al 1999). Reduction of leaf carbon exchange rate (Tollenaar 1989), stomatal conductance (Massacci et al 1995), Rubisco activity (Janda et al 1999), and chlorophyll content ) has also been reported for plants grown at cold temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corn leaves that develop under suboptimal temperature conditions are characterized by a change in the composition of leaf pigments (Haldimann et al 1996), alterations in oxidative defenses (Fryer et al 1995;Leipner et al 1999), lower photosynthetic capacity, and modifications of the protein composition of the thylakoid membranes (Nie et al 1992). These variations in cold tolerance mechanisms limit morphological development, tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to low temperature, and yield potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and physiological trait variation among corn hybrids for cold tolerance

et al. 2016

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Global food demand has risen continuously because of increasing population with greater food and energy needs. Corn production, however, is constrained by current and possible increased future variability in the weather. Earlier planting is a strategy for U.S. Mid-South corn producers to avoid typical summer droughts. However, planting early will increase the likelihood of seedlings exposure to cold temperatures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate corn hybrids planted when the conditions are desirable followed by low and moderately low temperatures to assess the variability among the vegetative and physiological parameters and to classify hybrids into different cold tolerant groups. Twenty one commercially-grown hybrids were subjected to three day/night temperature treatments; 29/21°C (optimum), 25/17°C (moderately low), and 21/13°C (low) from 15 d after planting (DAP) for plants grown at optimum temperature. Shoot, root, and physiological parameters were measured, 32-34 DAP. Significant differences and interactions were observed among the temperature treatments and hybrids for most of the traits measured. Based on relative scores, developed in this study, AR1262 and P1636YHR were classified as cold tolerant and H68B and ST11504VT3 as cold sensitive. Cold tolerant hybrids and their associated morpho-physiological characteristics may be useful for breeders to develop new hybrids that could withstand low and variable temperatures during seedling growth and developmental period.Key words: cold tolerance, maize, fluorescence, growth indices, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance.Résumé : La demande mondiale d'aliments ne cesse d'augmenter en raison de la croissance démographique, qui accentue les besoins en nourriture et en énergie. Malheureusement, la production de maïs est affectée par la variabilité actuelle du climat, laquelle pourrait s'intensifier dans l'avenir. Les producteurs du centre-sud des États-Unis sèment le maïs hâtivement pour éviter les sécheresses usuelles de l'été. Cependant, les semis précoces augmentent la probabilité que les plantules soient exposées au froid. La présente étude devait évaluer des hybrides plantés à un moment où les conditions étaient favorables, avant une période de fléchissement important ou modéré des températures, cela en vue d'établir la variabilité des paramètres végétatifs et physiologiques de ces hybrides et de les classer en différents groupes en fonction de leur tolérance au froid. Vingt-et-un hybrides commerciaux ont été soumis à trois régimes de températures diurnes/ nocturnes : 29/21°C (régime optimal), 25/17°C (régime modérément bas) et 21/13°C (régime bas), 15 jours après repiquage des plants cultivés à température optimale. Les auteurs ont évalué les pousses, les racines et les paramètres physiologiques entre le 32 e et le 34 e jour suivant la plantation. D'importantes variations et interactions ont été relevées pour la plupart des caractères examinés entre les différents traitements et hybrides. Selon les notes relatives établies dans le cadr...

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