The effects of dietary immunostimulants on the innate immune response of Indian major carp: A review

Kumar, Sudhir; Choubey, Abhay Kumar; Srivastava, P. K.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.039

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The receptors on the target immune cells indiscriminately identify diversified PAMPs located on carotenoids as high-risk or foreign molecules, leading to the activation of innate and adaptive defence mechanisms by a cascade of cellular signals, which is crucial in developing a hostile environment for pathogens. [271][272][273][274] This initiated an overall defence response, consequently expediting the detection and clearance of a broad spectrum of infectious agents. In fact, the defence system remains reinforced even after returning to the pre-stimulation level, as noticed in shrimps.…”

Section: Augmentation Of Host Defence Mechanisms and Immune Gene Expr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines by some authors. 272,[280][281][282] Furthermore, some recent research on carotenoid-supplemented fish similarly discovered improvements in mRNA expression levels of several immune genes related to the complement system. 20,231 Nonetheless, our understanding of the mechanisms in the modulation of immune-related gene expression by carotenoids is incomplete and fragmented.…”

Section: Augmentation Of Host Defence Mechanisms and Immune Gene Expr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most importantly, immunostimulants, particularly carotenoids, possess the capability to directly trigger the defence pathway against diseases via their action on PRRs as signalling molecules. The receptors on the target immune cells indiscriminately identify diversified PAMPs located on carotenoids as high‐risk or foreign molecules, leading to the activation of innate and adaptive defence mechanisms by a cascade of cellular signals, which is crucial in developing a hostile environment for pathogens 271–274 . This initiated an overall defence response, consequently expediting the detection and clearance of a broad spectrum of infectious agents.…”

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interferon‐gamma [IFN‐ɣ], interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6] and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α]), a broad group of signalling proteins, are most frequently assessed in the study of immune gene expression 272 . These immunoregulatory molecules are mainly secreted by activated macrophages and lymphocytes.…”

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary functions of cytokines comprise the mediation and regulation of immunity (both innate and adaptive), immune‐cell communication, haematopoiesis and inflammation 278,279 . A complex signalling cascade involving the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) protein transcription factor regulates the gene transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in immune cells 272,280 . In a recent study, Hassaan et al 30 revealed prominent upregulations in the mRNA expression levels of IFN‐ɣ and IL‐1β in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) supplemented with β‐carotene (50 mg kg −1 diet) for 70 days.…”

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoids modulate stress tolerance and immune responses in aquatic animals

Lim

Yusoff

Karim

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Aquaculture continues to expand swiftly and remains the fastest-growing food industry worldwide amidst ever-present threats from chronic stressors and emerging diseases. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the profitability and viability of the aquaculture industry that steered a paradigm shift to therapeutic nutrition. Carotenoids, also termed tetraterpenoids, have garnered considerable attention owing to their therapeutic attributes and immeasurable health benefits, which incited a surge in global demand. These biological pigments are recognized to promote immune systems and antioxidant defence mechanisms in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. This review brings forth existing scientific evidence and underscores the notable roles of carotenoids as biologically active constituents with anti-stress and immunostimulatory potentials in farmed aquatic animals whilst explicating possible mechanisms of action. Empirical data unequivocally established the modulatory functions of carotenoids on endogenous antioxidant enzymes, innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, as well as the expression of multiple antioxidant and immune-related genes. The comprehensive information presented is beneficial to deepen our understanding of the utilization of carotenoids as potent stress alleviators and immunostimulants in cultured aquatic animals, which is translated into improved health.Advancements in aquatic animal health and welfare could principally contribute to reconstructing a more sustainable aquaculture industry. This article may be useful for subsequent investigations towards further advances in research and innovation to a greener blue revolution in solving the challenge of global food security.

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Section: Augmentation Of Host Defence Mechanisms and Immune Gene Expr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Augmentation Of Host Defence Mechanisms and Immune Gene Expr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactivity and Related Mechanisms Of Carotenoids On The Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Carotenoids modulate stress tolerance and immune responses in aquatic animals

Lim

Yusoff

Karim

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Isalo scorpion cytotoxic peptide‐strengthened immune function through the JAKs/STATs signaling pathway of the immune organ of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

He,

Hu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Animal Research and One Health

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To investigate the impact of Isalo scorpion cytotoxic peptide (IsCT) on the immune function of immune organ (head kidney, spleen, and skin) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 540 fish (136.88 ± 0.72 g) were supplied with a different amount of IsCT (0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 mg/kg diet) through a period of 60 days. Afterward, 24 fish were randomly selected from each group and were inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila for a period of 6 days. Our findings suggested that appropriate IsCT complementation: (1) attenuated skin morbidity and histopathological structural changes in the head kidney and spleen (p < 0.05), which ensured the structural integrity of the immune organs; (2) increased the activity and expression of immune substances (p < 0.05), which in turn increased the function of the immune organs, promoting immune responses; (3) through the regulation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKs/STATs) signaling pathway, the mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines increased and the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines decreased, which in turn increased the function of the immune organs, reducing the inflammatory response (p < 0.05). However, the addition of IsCT did not affect the expression of IL‐12p35, STAT2, and STAT3a in the immune organ. Ultimately, this study provided evidence that IsCT enhanced immune function via the JAKs/STATs signaling pathway in the immune organ in grass carp after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.

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