The Effects of Different Rice Husk Loading and Size on The Properties of Standard Malaysian Rubber / Rice Husk Composites

Dahham, Omar S.; Noriman, N. Z.; Hamzah, R.; Idrus, Syed Zulkarnain Syed; Shayfull, Z.; Adam, Tijjani; Munirah, N.R.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012091

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The findings in this study align with research conducted by Dahham et al [ 63 ]. Their research results suggest that increasing rice husk content produced composites with higher densities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the research, the density of composites made with fine rice husk was greater than that of composites made with coarse rice husk. This is related to the fact that fine rice husks are more easily incorporated into the SMR L matrix, thereby increasing the rigidity and stiffness of the composites [ 63 ]. Alternatively, Fuad et al also studied the effect of incorporating rice husk as a filler on the density of composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method

Irawan,

Fitriyana,

Siregar

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Brake friction materials (BFMs) have a critical role in ensuring the safety as well as the reliability of automotive braking systems. However, traditional BFMs, typically made from asbestos, are associated with environmental and health concerns. Therefore, this results in a growing interest in developing alternative BFMs that are eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of epoxy, rice husk, alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3) on the mechanical and thermal properties of BFMs prepared using the hand layup method. In this study, the rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were filtered through a 200-mesh sieve. Note that the BFMs were fabricated using different combinations and concentrations of the materials. Their mechanical properties, such as density, hardness, flexural strength, wear resistance, and thermal properties, were investigated. The results suggest that the concentrations of the ingredients significantly influence the mechanical and thermal properties of the BFMs. A specimen made from epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 with concentrations of 50 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 15 wt.%, respectively, produced the best properties for BFMs. On the other hand, the density, hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate values of this specimen were 1.23 g/cm3, 81.2 Vickers (HV), 57.24 MPa, 4.08 GPa, and 8.665 × 10−7 mm2/kg. In addition, this specimen had better thermal properties than the other specimens. These findings provide valuable insights into developing eco-friendly and sustainable BFMs with suitable performance for automotive applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method

Irawan,

Fitriyana,

Siregar

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…The mass production of polymeric composites with VF started in 1908 [30,31]; however, this type of composites with polymeric binders had already been used since 1896 in airplane seats and fuel tanks [21,26,32]. Since 1990, VF have been a more eco-friendly, economical (1.2-1.6 g/cm 3 ) [33,34], and healthier alternative to fiberglass (2.4 g/cm 3 ) as reinforcing raw material [35] in the automotive industry, where they have been studied in depth.…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural rubber composites reinforced with vegetable fibers are interesting in the industry from the points of view of engineering, economics, and the environment because they reduce the use of dangerous active fillers [5]. The main mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with natural fibers are higher strength and modulus but show decreasing elongation at failure [34,35]; in comparation to particulate-filled in natural rubber composites [40]. Composite materials made of natural rubber and short fibers have been used in the industry to develop several commercially viable products, such as conveyor belts [17], soles [34], and V-belts [41,42], optimizing their strength, stiffness, modulus, and damping [43].…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with natural fibers are higher strength and modulus but show decreasing elongation at failure [34,35]; in comparation to particulate-filled in natural rubber composites [40]. Composite materials made of natural rubber and short fibers have been used in the industry to develop several commercially viable products, such as conveyor belts [17], soles [34], and V-belts [41,42], optimizing their strength, stiffness, modulus, and damping [43]. This review presents a general overview of current applications, research, and development of composite materials such as natural rubber reinforced with natural vegetable fiber.…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Cellulose Fibers in Natural Rubber Composites

R. Lozada,

Gutiérrez Aguilar,

Jaramillo Carvalho

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In the last decade, natural fibers have had a significant impact on the research and development of innovative composites made with natural rubber, improving their properties over those of their counterparts that incorporate polluting synthetic fibers. In recent years, this fact has stimulated the research into several modified natural rubber composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. This paper reviews the scientific literature published in the last decade about the properties and characteristics of natural vegetable fibers and natural rubber used in composites. Nowadays the use of alternative materials has become necessary, considering that synthetic materials have caused irreversible damage to the environment, being associated with global warming, for this reason research and development with materials that print a lower carbon footprint during the manufacturing process and subsequent product manufacturing. This review is an invitation to the use of vegetable fibers, as well as vegetable-type matrices, in this case natural rubber as a binder system, it is fantastic to know the different works carried out by other scientists and engineers, in this way to project new compounds linked to innovation in processes that reduce the carbon footprint and its negative impact on our planet.

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The Effects of Different Rice Husk Loading and Size on The Properties of Standard Malaysian Rubber / Rice Husk Composites

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method

Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method

Vegetable Cellulose Fibers in Natural Rubber Composites

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