“…In addition, China's economy has continued to grow rapidly since the reform and opening up, driving oil demand to rise rapidly (Chen & Zhu, 2019; Wen et al, 2019; Zhang, Shi, & Yu, 2018). To meet domestic oil demand, China's crude oil imports have also risen rapidly, which makes its dependence on oil imports very high (Chen & Zhu, 2019; Gong & Lin, 2018a; Jiao, Zuo, Li, Yuan, & Li, 2017; Xiao, Hu, Ouyang, & Wen, 2019). Due to its massive oil consumption and high external dependence, oil price fluctuations make China's oil industry more vulnerable (Li, Cheng, & Yang, 2017; Jo et al, 2018).…”