The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance

Neiva, Henrique P.; Marques, Mário C.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Izquierdo, Mikel; Viana, João L.; Teixeira, Ana Maria; Marinho, Daniel A.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001141

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…During the experimental sessions, the participants performed a standard warm-up of 1200-m ( Neiva et al, 2015 ) followed by 30 min of rest to simulate the competition warm-up conditions. Within this transition period, the participants were seated in chairs (passive rest).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, alternative forms of re-warm-up are potentially needed. In this context, most studies about warming up in swimming have reported a 10-min period of recovery between the warm-up and the swimming trial, and little is known about swimmer performance when longer recoveries are used ( Neiva et al, 2015 ). In that regards, exercises resulting in post-activation potentiation (PAP) may be an interesting alternative tool to use in between the classical swimming warm-up and the race.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Abbes¹,

Chamari

Mujika

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate performance, biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysiological effects of a simple and easily organized post-activation potentiation (PAP) re-warm-up performed before a 50-m freestyle swimming sprint.Methods: Regional level male adolescent swimmers [age: 13.0 ± 2.0 years; (min 11 years – max 15 years)] performed four trial conditions (three experimental, one control) on different days. The control trial involved a standardized 1200-m warm-up followed by 30 min of rest and a maximal 50-m freestyle swimming sprint. The experimental trials involved the same protocol but added a PAP component after a 20-min rest (10 min pre-50-m): The different PAP component involved the subjects in completing a 30-s maximal effort of: (1) push-ups (PU – upper body), (2) squats (SQ – lower body), and (3) burpees (BP – lower and upper body). Performance (time-trial), biomechanical (stroke length, stroke frequency), physiological (blood lactate concentrations, heart rate), and psychophysiological (ratings of perceived exertion) variables were collected.Results: The results demonstrated that the PAP protocols used in this investigation had no effect on swimming performance. Before the 50-m swimming sprint, the lactate values were significantly higher after the PU, BP, and SQ PAP loads compared to the control condition [P(CC-PU) = 0.02; P(CC-BP) = 0.01; P(CC-SQ) = 0.04]. For Lactate values, a significant and large effect of experimental condition compared to control condition was found (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.68). At 1 min after the 50-m time trial, significant differences were observed between the control condition and the different PAP loads [P(CC-PU) = 0.01; P(CC-BP) = 0.04; P(CC-SQ) = 0.01]. At 3 min after the 50-m sprint, significant differences were found between the control condition and the PU and SQ PAP loads [P(CC-PU) = 0.018; P(CC-SQ) = 0.008, respectively]. Additionally, a significant and large effect of experimental condition was found at 1 and 3 min after the 50-m swimming sprint (p < 0.05, η2(1 min) = 0.73; η2(3 min) = 0.59). There were medium sized but non-significant effects of interaction between the conditions, was illustrated for the mean HR values in response to the different conditions (p > 0.05; η2 = 0.083).Conclusion: None of the three PAP protocols showed any significant improvement in performance, biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysiological variables before, during and after the 50-m swimming time-trial. Further studies are warranted to investigate ways to improve swimming performance with simple body mass exercises performed in-between the end of pool warm-up and race start.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Abbes¹,

Chamari

Mujika

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…However, in other sports, Neiva et al (24) found that swimming performance in the first half of a 100m freestyle was better after a short warm-up compared to a long warm-up. In addition, they found that also the RPE was lower after a short warm-up compared with a standard warm-up, while swimming performance did not defer.…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Types of Warm-Up Upon Repeated-Sprint Performance in Experienced Soccer Players

Tillaar¹,

Heimburg²

2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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van den Tillaar, R and von Heimburg, E. Comparison of two types of warm-up upon repeated-sprint performance in experienced soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2258-2265, 2016-The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a long warm-up and a short warm-up upon repeated-sprint performance in soccer players. Ten male soccer players (age, 21.9 ± 1.9 years; body mass, 77.7 ± 8.3 kg; body height, 1.85 ± 0.03 m) conducted 2 types of warm-ups with 1 week in between: a long warm-up (20 minutes: LWup) and a short warm-up (10 minutes: SWup). Each warm-up was followed by a repeated-sprint test consisting of 8 × 30 m sprints with a new start every 30th second. The best sprint time, total sprinting time, and % decrease in time together with heart rate, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. No significant differences in performance were found for the repeated-sprint test parameters (total sprint time: 35.99 ± 1.32 seconds [LWup] and 36.12 ± 0.96 seconds [SWup]; best sprint time: 4.32 ± 0.13 seconds [LWup] and 4.30 ± 0.10 seconds [SWup]; and % sprint decrease: 4.16 ± 2.15% [LWup] and 5.02 ± 2.07% [SWup]). No differences in lactate concentration after the warm-up and after the repeated-sprint test were found. However, RPE and heart rate were significantly higher after the long warm-up and the repeated-sprint test compared with the short warm-up. It was concluded that a short warm-up is as effective as a long warm-up for repeated sprints in soccer. Therefore, in regular training, less warm-up time is needed; the extra time could be used for important soccer skill training.

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“…The time was measured for each repetition (Tr 1 , Tr 2 , Tr 3 and Tr 4 ) and overall time (T overall ) was obtained by the sum of time repetitions. A standardized warm up of 200-m medley, 100-m freestyle and 4 x 50-m front-crawl (25-m fast plus 25-m slow intensity 15-s rest) (McGowan, Pyne, Thompson, & Rattray, 2015;Neiva et al, 2015) was performed before each test. Stroke rate (SR) was obtained from the time required to perform two upper limb cycles -always on the second lap of each 50-m and based on the second upper limb cycle (Chronometer Ultrak 495).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

JPES

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As competitive swimming performance, even in young ages, depends significantly on anaerobic conditioning, we developed equations for blood lactate concentration ([La]) estimation in age-group after sprint swimming test. Six male and two female competitive swimmers (15.7 ± 2.2 year s old) performed a 4x50-m maximum velocity front-crawl (10-s intervals) test four times within a training macrocycle (n = 32). Time and kinematic related variables were obtained for each 50-m repetition (with a chronometer and a digital camera), and heart rate and [La] at three, seven and 12 min of the recovery period (La 3 , La 7 and La 12) were measured (with a portable analyser). The Pearson correlation test was carried out to select the better predictor parameter and a linear regression estimated La 3 , La 7 and La 12. La 3 can be predicted by the time in the first 50-m repetition (La3=33.01-0.63Tt1), La 7 by the second 50-m repetition (La7=39.81-0.77Tt2) or using La 3 (La7=1.53+0.77La3), and La 12 by Tt 1 or La 3 (La12=31.44-0.66Tt1 or La12=-0.36+0.84La3, respectively). [La] at three, seven and 12 min after sprint swimming test can be predicted using the times in the first and second repetitions, but at minutes seven and 12 it can be, also and better, predicted by lactate at minute three. The regression models proposed are accurate for the sample and generalizable to age-group swimmers' population. KeywordsTraining, exercise performance, exercise physiology, assessment, exercise testing.

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The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Comparison of Two Types of Warm-Up Upon Repeated-Sprint Performance in Experienced Soccer Players

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