“…Effective physician-patient communication is associated with both increased psychological well-being (Devine & Cook, 1985;Mumford, Schlesinger, & Glass, 1982) and better biomedical outcomes (Greenfield, Kaplan, & Ware, 1985;Greenfield et al, 1988;Kaplan et al, 1989) for the patient. Poor physicianpatient communication, on the other hand, is costly and can lead to negative consequences such as patient dissatisfaction, doctor shopping, poor adherence to medical directions, and malpractice litigation (Lepper, Martin, & DiMatteo, 1995;White, Levinson, & Roter, 1994;Woolley, Kane, Hughes, & Wright, 1978).…”