The effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on dynamic jumping performance and isokinetic strength parameters: a pilot study on the implications for the prevention of hamstring injuries

Clark, Ross; Bryant, Adam; Culgan, John-Paul; Hartley, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.02.003

Cited by 108 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our observations are in contrast to the findings reported by several other research groups (Brockett et al, 2002;Clark et al, 2005;Kilgallon et al, 2007); these authors have reported a sustained shift in the length-tension properties of the hamstrings following resistance training biased towards providing an eccentric overload. However, it should be acknowledged that these finding were noted during isometric (Kilgallon et al, 2007) and concentric muscle actions (Brockett et al, 2001;Clark et al, 2005). Examination of changes in the lengthtension relations of the hamstrings during isokinetic eccentric actions may provide greater insight into the risk of strain injuries.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The 'Nordic' hamstrings exercise (NHE) has been demonstrated to elicit greater activation of the hamstrings compared to a selection of exercises commonly used in resistance training and injury rehabilitation (Ebben et al, 2002). Training using the NHE has been shown to result in superior gains in the eccentric strength of the hamstrings compared to a modified curl exercise (Mjølsnes et al, 2004) and several research groups have reported a right-wards shift in the angle of peak torque determined during concentric contractions following NHE training (Brockett et al, 2001;Clark et al, 2005). Ii is possible that by increasing the eccentric peak torque of the hamstrings, the muscle group's capability to absorb kinetic energy prior to failure may be improved, attenuating the risk of injury (Stanton and Purdam, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

et al. 2012

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The present study examined the neuromuscular activation characteristics of the hamstrings during the ?Nordic? hamstrings exercise (NHE) and changes in the eccentric strength of the knee flexors with NHE training. Initially, the normalised root mean square electromyographic (EMG) activity of the hamstrings of both limbs during various phases (90?61?, 60?31? and 30?0? of knee extension) of the NHE were determined in 18 soccer players. Subsequently participants were randomly allocated to either a training (n=10) or control group. The isokinetic eccentric peak torques of the dominant and non-dominant limbs were recorded at 60, 120 and 240?/s pre- and post-training. The EMG values of both limbs were comparable (P=0.184) and greater EMG activity was recorded at more extended knee positions of the NHE (P=0.001). 4 weeks of NHE training significantly improved peak torque by up to 21% in all assessment conditions. Data indicate the hamstrings of both limbs are engaged identically during the NHE and training results in gains in the eccentric peak torque of the hamstrings of both limbs; these gains may augment the force that the hamstrings can withstand when forcefully stretched, attenuating injury risk.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

et al. 2012

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“…NH strengthening programs are effective in improving eccentric strength, muscle activation, and jump height performance (Mjølsnes et al 2004;Clark et al 2005;Tansel et al 2008;Iga et al 2012;Delahunt et al 2016). Eccentric strength gains following NH interventions, 4-10 weeks in length, range from 11-21% (Mjølsnes et al 2004;Iga et al 2012;Delahunt et al 2016), with no significant concentric strength gains (Mjølsnes et al 2004;Clark et al 2005;Tansel et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Nordic hamstring strength training on muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength

et al. 2017

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This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Hamstring strain injury is a frequent and serious injury in competitive and recreational sports. While Nordic hamstring (NH) eccentric strength training is an effective hamstring injury prevention method, the protective mechanism of this exercise is not understood. Strength training increases muscle strength, but also alters muscle architecture and stiffness; all three factors may be associated with reducing muscle injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NH eccentric strength training on hamstring muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength.Methods: Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned to an eccentric training group or control group. Control participants performed static stretching, while experimental participants performed static stretching and NH training for 6 weeks. Pre-and post-intervention measurements included: hamstring muscle architecture and stiffness using ultrasound imaging and elastography, and maximal hamstring strength measured on a dynamometer. Results:The experimental group, but not the control group, increased volume (131.5 vs. 145.2 cm 3 , p<0.001) and physiological cross-sectional area (16.1 vs. 18.1 cm 2 , p=0.032). There were no significant changes to muscle fascicle length, stiffness, or eccentric hamstring strength. Conclusions:The NH intervention was an effective training method for muscle hypertrophy, but, contrary to common literature findings for other modes of eccentric training, did not increase fascicle length. The data suggest the mechanism behind NH eccentric strength training mitigating hamstring injury risk could be increasing volume rather than increasing muscle length. Future research is therefore warranted to determine if muscle hypertrophy induced by NH training lowers future hamstring strain injury risk.

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“…48 On the contrary, we observed a high level of use for concentric strengthening, which does not appear to be recommended and may even be deleterious during HSI rehabilitation. 49 Whereas eccentric training has been shown to cause protective adaptations by allowing increased strength at longer muscle lengths through an increase in the number of sarcomeres in series, [50][51][52][53] concentric strengthening results in a decrease in sarcomeres in series. 49,54 Concentric training causes peak torque to occur at a greater angle of knee flexion (shorter muscle length) during the gait cycle by altering the length-tension relationship of the hamstrings, and this shift in peak torque production to shorter muscle lengths is a risk factor for HSI.…”

Section: Use Of Treatment and Rehabilitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Patterns and Beliefs in the Management of Hamstrings Strain Injuries

Lobacz¹,

Glutting

Kaminski³

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Hamstrings strain injuries (HSIs) are among the most commonly occurring injuries in sport and are top causes of missed playing time. Lingering symptoms, prolonged recovery, and a high reinjury rate (12%-34%) make HSI management a frustrating and challenging process for the athletic trainer (AT). The clinical practice patterns and opinions of ATs regarding HSI treatment and rehabilitation are unknown.Objective: To examine the frequency of method use and opinions about current HSI management among ATs.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Survey administered to registrants at the 2013 National Athletic Trainers' Association Clinical Symposia and AT Expo.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 1356 certified ATs (691 men, 665 women; age ¼ 35.4 6 10.5 years, time certified ¼ 11.92 6 9.75 years).Data Collection and Analysis: A survey was distributed electronically to 7272 registrants and on paper to another 700 attendees. Validity and reliability were established before distribution. Participants reported demographic information and rated their frequency of treatment and rehabilitation method use and agreement with questions assessing confidence, satisfaction, and desire for better clinical practice guidelines. Exploratory factor analysis and principal axis factor analysis were used. We also calculated descriptive statistics and v 2 tests to assess practice patterns.Results: The response rate was 17% (n ¼ 1356). A 2-factor solution was accepted for factor analysis (r ¼ 0.76, r ¼ 0.70), indicating that ATs follow either a contemporary or traditional management style. Various practice patterns were evident across employment settings and years of clinical experience. Satisfaction with the current HSI management plan was high (73.6%), whereas confidence in returning an athlete to play was lower (62.0%). Rates of use were associated with belief in effectiveness for all methods assessed (P , .001). Higher confidence levels were associated with high use of several methods; we observed increased satisfaction (v 2 2 ¼ 22.5, P ¼ .002) but not increased confidence levels in more experienced ATs.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the lack of consensus in HSI treatment and rehabilitation and the ATs' desire for better clinical practice guidelines. Future research in which multimodal strategies, including both traditional and contemporary methods, are studied is warranted for effective management of HSI.Key Words: muscle, athletic trainer, reinjury Key PointsConsensus on the management of hamstrings strain injuries among athletic trainers was lacking. Confidence in returning an athlete to play after injury was low. Evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation methods are needed to drive clinical practice.H amstrings strain injury (HSI) is one of the most commonly occurring soft tissue injuries in sport and recreational participants.1-3 Authors of epidemiologic studies across various sports leagues have indicated that HSI is one of the highest ranked causes of missed playing time in both practice and competition, with...

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The effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on dynamic jumping performance and isokinetic strength parameters: a pilot study on the implications for the prevention of hamstring injuries

Cited by 108 publications

References 21 publications

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

The effect of Nordic hamstring strength training on muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength

Clinical Practice Patterns and Beliefs in the Management of Hamstrings Strain Injuries

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