The effects of enriched environment on BDNF expression in the mouse cerebellum depending on the length of exposure

Vázquez-Sanromán, Dolores; Sanchis‐Segura, Carles; Toledo, Rebeca; Hernández-Aguilar, María Elena; Manzo, Jorge; Miquel, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.047

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…7 It was also shown that the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brains of mice living in the enriched environment increases. 27 Our results are confirmed by other authors who observed improved memory in the Morris test in rats living in the enriched environment. 28,29 The improvement of memory can be explained by the stimulating effect of the enriched environment on cell proliferation in the hippocampus, brain structure of paramount importance in terms of cognitive function disorders including spatial memory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Neuroleptics and enrichment environment treatment in memory disorders and other central nervous system function observed in prenatally stressed rats

et al. 2014

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It is believed that the most effective method of treatment in schizophrenia is pharmacotherapy, in particular, the use of atypical neuroleptics like aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA). Moreover, studies of many authors have shown that enriched living conditions and tobacco smoke exposure can also affect the cognitive functions that are disturbed in the course of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to find whether tobacco smoke and enrichment living conditions have the influence on cognitive functions in the newborn offspring of prenatally stressed rats and whether drugs such as ARI (1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and OLA (0.5 mg/kg ip) in single and chronic treatment modify those functions (Morris water maze). The study (in the same conditions) also analyses immobility time (Porsolt test) and motor activity of animals that received ARI and OLA. It has been shown that ARI and OLA as well as enriched environment reduce cognitive function disorders and modify cognitive functions in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. In turn, current research has shown that nicotine has increased cognitive function disorders compared to the previous study (animals without tobacco smoke exposure).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Neuroleptics and enrichment environment treatment in memory disorders and other central nervous system function observed in prenatally stressed rats

et al. 2014

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“…The fact that the observed effects are mainly associated with environmental factors should be emphasized, particularly since there is evidence of important environmentally-induced physiological changes in the cerebellum41424344. These non-genetic factors may explain part of the relatively high influence of the environment on depression liability (i.e., an heritability estimate around 40%)15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronization

Córdova‐Palomera

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Falcón

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Hosting nearly eighty percent of all human neurons, the cerebellum is functionally connected to large regions of the brain. Accumulating data suggest that some cerebellar resting-state alterations may constitute a key candidate mechanism for depressive psychopathology. While there is some evidence linking cerebellar function and depression, two topics remain largely unexplored. First, the genetic or environmental roots of this putative association have not been elicited. Secondly, while different mathematical representations of resting-state fMRI patterns can embed diverse information of relevance for health and disease, many of them have not been studied in detail regarding the cerebellum and depression. Here, high-resolution fMRI scans were examined to estimate functional connectivity patterns across twenty-six cerebellar regions in a sample of 48 identical twins (24 pairs) informative for depression liability. A network-based statistic approach was employed to analyze cerebellar functional networks built using three methods: the conventional approach of filtered BOLD fMRI time-series, and two analytic components of this oscillatory activity (amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase). The findings indicate that some environmental factors may lead to depression vulnerability through alterations of the neural oscillatory activity of the cerebellum during resting-state. These effects may be observed particularly when exploring the amplitude envelope of fMRI oscillations.

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“…Namely, the number of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell glutamatergic synapses as well as stellate cell-Purkinje cell GABAergic synapses is strongly increased under EE conditions (Lonetti et al 2010). EE increases cerebellar production of neurotrophins (Angelucci et al 2009;Vazquez-Sanroman et al 2013) but not of synaptophysin, as conversely it occurs in forebrain, hippocampus, and thalamus (Nithianantharajah et al 2004). Additionally, learning complex acrobatic tasks (but not merely running) increases the number of synapses in Purkinje cells (Federmeier et al 2002;Kim et al 2002;Lee et al 2007;González-Burgos et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Activity-dependent structural plasticity of Purkinje cell spines in cerebellar vermis and hemisphere

et al. 2014

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The environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm is widely used to study experience-dependent brain plasticity. In spite of a long history of research, the EE influence on neuronal morphology has not yet been described in relation to the different regions of the cerebellum. Thus, aim of the present study was to characterize the EE effects on density and size of dendritic spines of Purkinje cell proximal and distal compartments in cerebellar vermian and hemispherical regions. Male Wistar rats were housed in an enriched or standard environment for 3.5 months from the 21st post-natal day onwards. The morphological features of Purkinje cell spines were visualized on calbindin immunofluorescence-stained cerebellar vermian and hemispherical sections. Density, area, length and head diameter of spines were manually (ImageJ) or automatically (Imaris) quantified. Results demonstrated that the Purkinje cell spine density was higher in enriched rats than in controls on both proximal and distal dendrite compartments in the hemisphere, while it increased only on distal compartment in the vermis. As for spine size, a significant increase of area, length and head diameter was found in the distal dendrites in both vermis and hemisphere. Thus, the exposure to a complex environment enhances synapse formation and plasticity either in the vermis involved in balance and locomotion and in the hemisphere involved in complex motor adaptations and acquisition of new motor strategies. These data highlight the importance of cerebellar activity-dependent structural plasticity underling the EE-related high-level performances.

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The effects of enriched environment on BDNF expression in the mouse cerebellum depending on the length of exposure

Cited by 61 publications

References 53 publications

Neuroleptics and enrichment environment treatment in memory disorders and other central nervous system function observed in prenatally stressed rats

Neuroleptics and enrichment environment treatment in memory disorders and other central nervous system function observed in prenatally stressed rats

Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronization

Activity-dependent structural plasticity of Purkinje cell spines in cerebellar vermis and hemisphere

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