“…Due to the very small number of women executives in these firms, these studies accounted for only around 100 women executives (e.g., Bonet et al, 2020; Cook & Glass, 2014; Dezső et al, 2016; Gayle et al, 2012; Helfat et al, 2006). Because of such limited data, most research in this area has focused on internal barriers to promotion rather than on the gender gap in external labor markets (Becker‐Blease et al, 2010, 2016; Bertrand & Hallock, 2001; Bonet et al, 2020; Cohen et al, 1998; Dezső et al, 2016; Smith et al, 2013). Using a comprehensive dataset of women executives allows me to track internal and external promotions.…”