The Effects of Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Appetite-Related Peptides and Motivation to Eat

Martins, Cátia; Kulseng, Bård; King, Neil; Holst, Jens J.; Blundell, John

doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2082

Cited by 198 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar results have been observed in humans subjected to physical training [26]. However, Zucker ( fa/fa) obese rats subjected to swimming training (1 h/day; 5 days/weeks; 4 weeks duration) exhibited exercise-associated anorexia [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Islets from MSG-Treated Obese Rats Subjected to Swimming Training

Leite

Ferreira

Rickli

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Backgrounds/Aims: Obese rats obtained by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration present insulin hypersecretion. The metabolic mechanism by which glucose catabolism is coupled to insulin secretion in the pancreatic β-cells from MSG-treated rats is understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets from MSG-treated rats subjected to swimming training. Methods: MSG-treated and control (CON) rats swam for 30 minutes (3 times/week) over a period of 10 weeks. Pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with glucose in the presence of glycolytic or mitochondrial inhibitors. Results: Swimming training attenuated fat pad accumulation, avoiding changes in the plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin in MSG-treated rats. Adipocyte and islet hypertrophy observed in MSG-treated rats were attenuated by exercise. Pancreatic islets from MSG-treated obese rats also showed insulin hypersecretion, greater glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression, increased glycolytic flux and reduced mitochondrial complex III activity. Conclusion: Swimming training attenuated islet hypertrophy and normalised GLUT2 expression, contributing to a reduction in the glucose responsiveness of pancreatic islets from MSG-treated rats without altering glycolytic flux. However, physical training increased the activity of mitochondrial complex III in pancreatic islets from MSG-treated rats without a subsequent increase in glucose-induced insulin secretion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Islets from MSG-Treated Obese Rats Subjected to Swimming Training

Leite

Ferreira

Rickli

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Jones et al [38], for example, reported a significant increase in fasting plasma PYY concentrations after 32 weeks of exercise training in overweight male and female adolescents who experienced a significant decrease in percentage of body fat. Similarly, Roth et al [39] observed a significant increase in fasting plasma PYY concentrations in obese children who were successful at losing weight after a 1-year diet and exercise intervention and Martins et al [40] observed a tendency for higher postprandial PYY concentrations in overweight/obese men and women after a 12-week exercise intervention. These findings suggest improved satiety after weight/fat loss induced by exercise training.…”

Section: Exercise Training Appetite and Food Intakementioning

confidence: 97%

“…a few days up to 1 year) and the fact that some studies measured total ghrelin while others measured acylated ghrelin. It should also be noted that changes in ghrelin after exercise training and weight loss may be balanced by opposing changes in satiety hormones such that an increased drive to eat in a fasting state may be matched by an increased satiety response to a meal as reported recently [40]. …”

Section: Exercise Training Appetite and Food Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise, Appetite and Appetite-Regulating Hormones: Implications for Food Intake and Weight Control

Stensel¹

2010

Ann Nutr Metab

137

102

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Knowledge about the relationship between exercise and appetite is important both for athletes wishing to optimise performance and for those interested in maintaining a healthy body weight. A variety of hormones are involved in appetite regulation including both episodic hormones, which are responsive to episodes of feeding, and tonic hormones, which are important regulators of energy storage over the longer term (e.g. insulin and leptin). Notable among the episodic appetite-regulating hormones is ghrelin, which plays a unique role in stimulating appetite and energy intake. Many studies have demonstrated that acute bouts of moderately vigorous exercise transiently suppress appetite and this has been termed ‘exercise-induced anorexia’. The mechanisms by which acute exercise suppresses appetite are not fully understood but may involve lowered concentrations of ghrelin and increased concentrations of satiety hormones, notably peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide 1. Evidence suggests that chronic exercise training typically causes a partial but incomplete compensation in energy intake perhaps due to beneficial changes in appetite-regulating hormones. The lack of a full compensatory response of appetite to exercise may facilitate the development of a negative energy balance and weight loss although there is individual variability in the response to exercise. From a practical standpoint athletes should not feel concerned that exercise will cause overeating as there is limited evidence to support this. For those desiring weight loss there may be some merit in performing exercise in the postprandial period as a means of enhancing the satiating effect of a meal but additional evidence is required to confirm the effectiveness of this strategy.

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“…Studies exploring the relationship between hunger and dietary intake typically focus on appetite regulatory hormones associated with adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract [49,90,91]. However, recent research suggests fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) may play an important role [92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Fat-free Mass Resting Metabolic Rate and Hungermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices

2015

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Athletes make food choices on a daily basis that can affect both health and performance. A well planned nutrition strategy that includes the careful timing and selection of appropriate foods and fluids helps to maximize training adaptations and, thus, should be an integral part of the athlete's training programme. Factors that motivate food selection include taste, convenience, nutrition knowledge and beliefs. Food choice is also influenced by physiological, social, psychological and economic factors and varies both within and between individuals and populations. This review highlights the multidimensional nature of food choice and the depth of previous research investigating eating behaviours. Despite numerous studies with general populations, little exploration has been carried out with athletes, yet the energy demands of sport typically require individuals to make more frequent and/or appropriate food choices. While factors that are important to general populations also apply to athletes, it seems likely, given the competitive demands of sport, that performance would be an important factor influencing food choice. It is unclear if athletes place the same degree of importance on these factors or how food choice is influenced by involvement in sport. There is a clear need for further research exploring the food choice motives of athletes, preferably in conjunction with research investigating dietary intake to establish if intent translates into practice.

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The Effects of Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Appetite-Related Peptides and Motivation to Eat

Abstract: Exercise-induced weight loss is associated with physiological and biopsychological changes toward an increased drive to eat in the fasting state. However, this seems to be balanced by an improved satiety response to a meal and improved sensitivity of the appetite control system.

Cited by 198 publications

References 17 publications

Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Islets from MSG-Treated Obese Rats Subjected to Swimming Training

Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Islets from MSG-Treated Obese Rats Subjected to Swimming Training

Exercise, Appetite and Appetite-Regulating Hormones: Implications for Food Intake and Weight Control

A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices

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