The Effects of Exercise on White and Brown Adipose Tissue Cellularity, Metabolic Activity and Remodeling

Garritson, Jacob; Boudina, Sihem

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.772894

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, emerging evidence has underlined that exercise-induced adaptations of adipose tissue indicate beneficial alterations in lipolysis, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial and endocrine activity [ 75 ]. Noteworthy, AEDT can improve metabolic homeostasis and diminish the risk of developing cardiometabolic health-related complications, since adipose tissue demonstrates notable plasticity in response to lifestyle interventions integrating diet and exercise into external stimuli [ 76 ]. Nonetheless, further research in more depth is warranted, aiming to determine whether AEDT affects adipose tissue dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Al-Mhanna,

Rocha-Rodriguesc,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Lifestyle modifications involving diet and exercise are recommended for patients diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet (AEDT) on various cardiometabolic health-related indicators among individuals with obesity and T2DM. Methodology A comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for this meta-analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies, and the GRADE tool was used to rate the certainty of evidence. A random-effects model for continuous variables was used, and the results were presented as mean differences or standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 16,129 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants. The findings revealed significant improvements in body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, glycated hemoglobin, leptin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin (p < 0.05) compared to the standard treatment (ST) group. No significant differences were observed between the AEDT and ST groups in fat mass, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The present findings are based on low- to moderate-quality evidence. Conclusions AEDT may be a critical behavior for holistic cardiometabolic health-related benefits as a contemporary anti-obesity medication due to its significant positive impact on patients with obesity and T2DM. Nevertheless, further robust evidence is necessary to determine whether AEDT is an effective intervention for lowering cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among individuals with obesity and T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Al-Mhanna,

Rocha-Rodriguesc,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…An increased density of triglycerides in the epicardial fat depot in response to chronic dietary overload 29 could be an explanation to the reduced attenuation of EAT seen in pre-diabetes and T2D. However, the situation is probably more complex.…”

Section: Eata Gradually Decreases the Of Changes In Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that an increase in metabolically active brown adipose tissue can increase EATA 26,27 , something which can be seasonally dependent 28 . Increases in EATA could also be an effect of increased cellularity due to in ammation or an increase in extracellular matrix seen in brotic (post)in ammatory conditions 29 . EATA has reported to be lower in women, and lower with advancing age 25,30 , the latter possibly due to a reduction of brown adipose tissue 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-diabetes is Associated with Attenuation rather than Volume of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Computed Tomography

Molnár

Larsson²,

Adiels

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The volume of epicardial adipose tissue (EATV) is increased in type-2 diabetes (T2D), while its attenuation (EATA) appears to be decreased. Similar patterns have been suggested in pre-diabetes, but data is scarce. In both pre-diabetes and T2D, any independent role of EATV and EATA in disease development remains to be proven, a task complicated by their substantial co-variation with other anthropometrics (e.g. BMI, waist circumference, and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Method EATV and EATA was quantified in computed tomography (CT) images in a population study (n = 1,948) using an automatic technique. Data was available on BMI, waist circumference, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, insulin resistance (IR) and glucose tolerance, the latter ranging from normal (NGT), over pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose [IFG, n = 414] impaired glucose tolerance [IGT, n = 321] and their combination [CGI, n = 128]), to T2D. Results EATV was increased in pre-diabetes, T2D and IR in univariable analyses and when adjusting for BMI, however not when adjusting for waist or VAT. EATA was reduced in prediabetes, T2D and IR in univariable analyses and when adjusting for BMI and waist, however not when adjusting for VAT. Adjustment for other co-variates had little influence on the results. Conclusion EATV is increased and EATA reduced in pre-diabetes, T2D and IR, however, significant co-variation with other anthropometrics, especially VAT, obscures their function in disease development. The current results do not exclude a pathophysiological role of epicardial fat, but future studies need to adjust for anthropometrics, or focus on the microenvironment within the pericardial sac.

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“…HFD and exercise (including HIIT and MICT) are reasons for AT remodeling, and they have opposite effects. − Although exercise is recognized for its health benefits in overweight or obese children, whether exercise can reverse the health damage of HFD, what type of exercise can correct nutritional remodeling, and the molecular mechanism is still unclear, especially for growing children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMT Labeling Reveals the Effects of Exercises on the Proteomic Characteristics of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Growing High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats

et al. 2023

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Growing period is an important period for fat remodeling. High-fat diet and exercise are reasons for adipose tissue (AT) remodeling, but existing evidence is not enough. Therefore, the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the proteomic characteristics of the subcutaneous AT of growing rats on normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) were determined. Methods: Four-week-old male Sprague−Dawley rats (n = 48) were subdivided into six groups: normal diet control group, normal diet−MICT group, normal diet−HIIT group, HFD control group, HFD−MICT group, and HFD−HIIT group. Rats in the training group ran on a treadmill 5 days a week for 8 weeks (MICT: 50 min at 60−70% VO 2max intensity; HIIT: 7 min of warm-up and recovery at 70% VO 2max intensity, 6 sets of 3 min of 30% VO 2max followed by 3 min 90% VO 2max ). Following physical assessment, inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) was collected for proteome analysis using tandem mass tag labeling. Results: MICT and HIIT attenuated body fat mass and lean body mass but did not affect weight gain. Proteomics revealed the impact of exercise on ribosome, spliceosome, and the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the effect was reversed on HFD and normal diet. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) affected by MICT were related to oxygen transport, ribosome, and spliceosome. In comparison, the DEPs affected by HIIT were related to oxygen transport, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrion protein. In HFD, HIIT was more likely to cause changes in immune proteins than MICT. However, exercise did not seem to reverse the protein effects of HFD. Conclusion: The exercise stress response in the growing period was stronger but increased the energy metabolism and metabolism. MICT and HIIT can reduce fat, increase muscle percentage, and improve maximum oxygen uptake in rats fed with HFD. However, in rats with normal diet, MICT and HIIT triggered more immune responses of sWAT, especially HIIT. In addition, spliceosomes may be the key factors in AT remodeling triggered by exercise and diet.

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The Effects of Exercise on White and Brown Adipose Tissue Cellularity, Metabolic Activity and Remodeling

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pre-diabetes is Associated with Attenuation rather than Volume of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Computed Tomography

TMT Labeling Reveals the Effects of Exercises on the Proteomic Characteristics of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Growing High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats

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