The effects of exogenous organic acids on the growth, photosynthesis and cellular ultrastructure of Salix variegata Franch. Under Cd stress

The role of organic acids in the uptake and storage of nickel in hyperaccumulator plant, Brackenridgea palustris ssp. foxworthyi (Elm.) P.O. Karis

“…Citric and malic acids, on the other hand, were detected but only in trace amounts as indicated by lower peaks of chromatograms. The results of our study support the idea that organic acids may perform a significant role in the detoxification process and homeostasis (Anjum et al, 2015;Osmolovskaya et al, 2018;Clemens, 2019;Chen et al, 2020). The presence of oxalate in plant tissues is considered significant as it facilitates the efficient movement of metals to the aerial plant part by forming a stable complex with Ni and other mobile trace elements in the soil (Anjum et al, 2015;Osmolovskaya et al, 2018).…”

Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on Cd Tolerance Mechanism of Salix variegata Franch. Under Cd Stress

“…(3) Cd + citric acid group, 50 µM of Cd and 100 µM of citric acid; (4) Cd + tartaric acid group, 50 µM of Cd and 100 µM of tartaric acid; and (5) Cd+ malic acid group, 50 µM of Cd and 100 µM of malic acid. The concentrations of Cd and organic acids were chosen based on the typical content in the natural environment and the results of previous studies (Chen et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2017). All treatments contained three replicates.…”

“…Cd was added in an aqueous solution as CdCl 2 • 2.5 H 2 O, and all organic acids were added as aqueous solutions of pure acid. The pH value of nutrient solution in each treatment was 4.09-6.00, and free Cd 2+ was detected as the primary form, accounting for 89.6-96.6% of the total Cd (Chen et al, 2019(Chen et al, , 2020. During the experimentation period, the nutrient solution was continuously aerated and renewed weekly.…”

“…Compared with man-made synthetic chelating agents, natural low-molecular-weight organic acids, a critical group of plant secondary metabolites, such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid, have higher degradability and lower toxicity and are more in favor of the requirement of environmental friendliness (do Nascimento et al, 2006). Organic acids can increase the solubility and bioavailability of heavy metals in the medium through promoting the desorption of metal ions and forming soluble complexes with metal ions, thus enhancing metal absorption by plants (Wuana et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2020). Moreover, studies have shown that organic acids also play an important role in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, photosynthetic and respiration, nutrient uptake, and toxic metal detoxification in plants (Schulze et al, 2002;Araujo et al, 2012).…”

“…It has been proven to have broad application prospects in phytoremediation engineering due to its fast growth rate, strong reproductive capacity, and great Cd tolerance and enrichment ability in Cd contaminated soil (Jia et al, 2011(Jia et al, , 2012Sun et al, 2012). Previous studies have found that respective application of citric, tartaric, and malic acid significantly increased the proportion of free Cd 2+ , a favorable form for plants to absorb, in the nutrient solution, and Cd toxicity was substantially mitigated with respect to plant biomass and photosynthesis of S. variegata (Chen et al, 2019(Chen et al, , 2020. However, the underlying mechanism of how organic acids impact Cd tolerance of S. variegata at the physiological and genetic levels is still unclear.…”