The Effects of Exposure, Elevation and Tree Age on Seed Characteristics of Fagus orientalis Lipsky

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Natural or artificial regeneration, rehabilitation, and conversion from coppice to high forest are important practices in Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests in Turkey. Studies of the seeds of this species have increased in number because mast years are infrequent and seed germination is inhibited by dormancy. In this study we quantified the effects of tree age (40-59, 60-79 and 80-99 years), stand exposure (north, west, east and south) and elevation (600 and 800 m a.s.l.) on seed characteristics (germination, moisture content, and weight) of Oriental beech. Material and Methods: The seeds used in this study were collected from natural beech forest at Kumluca, Bartin, in the western Black Sea region of Turkey. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and the greenhouse of Bartin University. Results: Seed germination and moisture content varied significantly by elevation, and seed germination was strongly influenced by elevation. Moisture content was 14% at 600 m and 16% at 800 m. The effects of elevation and tree age on 100 seed weights were not significant but exposure had a significant effect. The highest 100 seed weight was recorded for trees on southern exposures and the highest germination percentage of 82% was recorded for trees on northern exposures. Conclusions: In conclusion, since oriental beech seedlings are produced by generative propagation method, seeds should be harvested in optimum distribution area of beech, from average ages and phenotypically plus tree.

Surface Wettability Of Boron And Oil-Treated Wood

“…Scots pine has superior technological properties and high usage potential in wood industry (Korkut et al, 2008). The eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) is a common hardwood tree specie that regenerates naturally in Turkish forests where species diversity is rich due to the variety of growing conditions (Ertekin et al, 2015). The beech forests in Turkey cover 615.000 ha and have a standing volume of 154 million m 3 , making up almost 20% of the country's total standing wood volume (Esen et al, 2004).…”

Saf Doğu Kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) işletme ormanlarında yükselti ve bakının dikili ölü ağaç sayısı ve stabilite indeksine etkisi

“…Mean annual precipitation in oriental beech forests ranges from 700 mm to 2300 mm (Atici, 1998). They are mainly found in sites up to 500-1200 m altitude, but a few were as high as 1560 m (Ertekin et al, 2015).…”

Effects of Drought Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Alfalfa with Different Seed Coat Colors

“…This means that yellow seeds germinate faster with greater uniformity, drought resistance and vitality in response to drought stress. Seed coat color might reflect the maturity of the seeds and it has been highly correlated to water (Ertekin et al, 2010). The morphology of seeds is also closely related to seed germination (Liu et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2012).…”