The effects of exposure to drug-related cues in detoxified opiate addicts: A theoretical review and some new data

Powell, J. Enoch; Gray, Jeffrey A.; Bradley, Brendan P.; Kasvikis, Yiannis; Strang, John; Barratt, Lynne; Marks, Isaac

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90044-x

Cited by 66 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some investigators have responded to this concern by providing participants with an operational definition of craving (e.g. Powell et al, 1990), although it has been suggested that training in the use of a scale can bias responses (Pickens & Johanson, 1992). Alternatively, researchers have created multi-item scales that aim to capture a broad range of conceptualizations of craving.…”

Section: Assessment Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of drug craving

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews theoretical and methodological issues in the measurement of drug craving, with an emphasis on self-report assessment. Despite the important role that craving plays in many research and clinical settings, the way in which the construct is conceptualized and measured rarely receives sufficient attention. Issues pertinent to conceptualizing craving are identified. Because there is no single perfect measure of craving, it is essential that researchers understand the limitations of each measure. Measurement performance concerns that affect the validity of different measures are reviewed. Non-verbal assessment methods are also reviewed. Research factors that may help determine the optimal measures for a given study are highlighted. It is concluded that advances in assessment will proceed only when combined with additional research and a better theoretical understanding of craving.

show abstract

Section: Assessment Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of drug craving

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, before treatment, the experimental group showed a similar score before and after watching drug-related scenes, and the control group showed an increase in negative affect. Other studies have reported increases in scores of negative emotional states (Arce, 1995;Dawe et al, 1993;Powell et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Group Cue-Exposure Treatment for Opiate Addicts

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty-four detoxified opiate addicts were randomized to an experimental group and a control group to evaluate efficacy of a group cue-exposure treatment to reduce or extinguish classically conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli. Assessment included psychophysiological responses (skin temperature, skin conductance level-SCL-, and heart rate) to a videotape and subjective measures (subjective craving, positive and negative affect) before and after the videotape. The experimental group received a group cueexposure program to drug-related stimuli that comprised twelve treatment sessions administered three times weekly. The treatment program significantly reduced conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli, as measured by SCL and positive affect. Key words: craving, cue-exposure, psychophysiological assessment, addictionsVeinticuatro adictos a los opiáceos, ya desintoxicados, fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a un grupo experimental y un grupo control para evaluar la eficacia de un tratamiento de exposición para reducir o extinguir las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos asociados con la droga. La evaluación incluyó las respuestas psicofisiológicas (temperatura periférica, nivel de conductancia dermoeléctrica y frecuencia cardiaca) emitidas ante la presentación de un video, así como medidas subjetivas (grado de "deseo" subjetivo, afecto positivo y negativo) antes y después de la presentación del video. El grupo experimental recibió un programa de exposición en grupo a estímulos relacionados con la droga, consistente en doce sesiones de tratamiento con una periodicidad de tres veces por semana. El programa de tratamiento redujo de forma significativa las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos relacionados con la droga, de acuerdo con las medidas de nivel de conductancia electrotérmica y afecto positivo. Palabras clave: "deseo", exposición a claves, evaluación psicofisiológica, adicciones

show abstract

“…The percentage with OCD rose from 75% in 1987/1988 to over 85% thereafter. Most of the rest had phobias or post-traumatic stress disorder, and in 1987/1988 7% were heroin addicts admitted for a therapy trial [10]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Monitoring of Outcome over 11 Years in a Residential Behavioural Psychotherapy Unit

McKenzie

Marks

2003

Psychother Psychosom

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Though research trials have to rate clinical outcome, few units monitor outcome of their routine care over many years. We report such monitoring to evaluate therapy over time and under changing operating and economic conditions. Method: Clinical outcome data were collected routinely over 11 years in a behavioural psychotherapy unit whose residential patients mostly had severe, chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treated by self-exposure therapy. Data were from 218 referrals during 4 of the 11 available years. Results: In each of the 4 time periods, the patients improved consistently and highly significantly by 30–50% on symptoms and disability, which resembled outcome in a multi-centre controlled trial. There were almost no significant differences in pre-treatment ratings between patients who attended follow-up, patients who completed residential treatment but not follow-up and those who did not complete residential treatment. When the unit became a hostel and the UK government introduced an internal market, more chronic patients were admitted who often lived far away. Conclusions: The fact that successive OCD cohorts had improved comparably by discharge suggests there was no ‘burn-out’ in staff standards of care over 11 years, and no loss of gains when the unit became a more cost-effective hostel.

show abstract

The effects of exposure to drug-related cues in detoxified opiate addicts: A theoretical review and some new data

Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

The measurement of drug craving

The measurement of drug craving

Evaluation of a Group Cue-Exposure Treatment for Opiate Addicts

Routine Monitoring of Outcome over 11 Years in a Residential Behavioural Psychotherapy Unit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About