The effects of exposure to dynamic expressions of affect on 5-month-olds’ memory

Flom, Ross; Janis, Rebecca; Garcia, Darren J.; Kirwan, C. Brock

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.09.006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, from the practical point of view it might be important to select stimuli representing one particular emotion much more than any other. Such images will be very useful for further studies in which an emotional category is considered an important factor (Briesemeister et al, 2015 ; Chapman, Johannes, Poppenk, Moscovitch, & Anderson, 2012 ; Costa et al, 2014 ; Croucher, Calder, Ramponi, Barnard, & Murphy, 2011 ; Flom, Janis, Garcia, & Kirwan, 2014 ; Schienle et al, 2014 ; van Hooff, van Buuringen, El M’rabet, de Gier, & van Zalingen, 2014 ). Importantly, several methods of stimulus classification according to the basic emotion categories available in the literature (Briesemeister et al, 2011b ; Mikels et al, 2005 ) can be employed, depending on the specific interest of the researcher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Nencki Affective Picture System by discrete emotional categories (NAPS BE)

et al. 2015

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The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS; Marchewka, Żurawski, Jednoróg, & Grabowska, Behavior Research Methods, 2014) is a standardized set of 1,356 realistic, high-quality photographs divided into five categories (people, faces, animals, objects, and landscapes). NAPS has been primarily standardized along the affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and approach–avoidance, yet the characteristics of discrete emotions expressed by the images have not been investigated thus far. The aim of the present study was to collect normative ratings according to categorical models of emotions. A subset of 510 images from the original NAPS set was selected in order to proportionally cover the whole dimensional affective space. Among these, using three available classification methods, we identified images eliciting distinguishable discrete emotions. We introduce the basic-emotion normative ratings for the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS BE), which will allow researchers to control and manipulate stimulus properties specifically for their experimental questions of interest. The NAPS BE system is freely accessible to the scientific community for noncommercial use as supplementary materials to this article.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0620-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Nencki Affective Picture System by discrete emotional categories (NAPS BE)

et al. 2015

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“…The order in which infants were exposed to each condition was randomized. We adapted a visual paired‐comparison method from Flom, Janis, Garcia, and Kirwan () with certain measures and stimuli modified for our macaque population. Specifically, we used videos instead of pictures, as they tend to capture and hold macaque infants’ attention more readily than static images, a shorter long‐term delay, and shorter cumulative looking time criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant‐directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques

Slonecker

Simpson

Suomi

et al. 2016

Developmental Science

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Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5- or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by-side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants' long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals.

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Sample Size, Statistical Power, and False Conclusions in Infant Looking‐Time Research

Oakes

2017

Infancy

195

133

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Infant research is hard. It is difficult, expensive, and time consuming to identify, recruit and test infants. As a result, ours is a field of small sample sizes. Many studies using infant looking time as a measure have samples of 8 to 12 infants per cell, and studies with more than 24 infants per cell are uncommon. This paper examines the effect of such sample sizes on statistical power and the conclusions drawn from infant looking time research. An examination of the state of the current literature suggests that most published looking time studies have low power, which leads in the long run to an increase in both false positive and false negative results. Three data sets with large samples (>30 infants) were used to simulate experiments with smaller sample sizes; 1000 random subsamples of 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 infants from the overall samples were selected, making it possible to examine the systematic effect of sample size on the results. This approach revealed that despite clear results with the original large samples, the results with smaller subsamples were highly variable, yielding both false positive and false negative outcomes. Finally, a number of emerging possible solutions are discussed.

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The effects of exposure to dynamic expressions of affect on 5-month-olds’ memory

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Characterization of the Nencki Affective Picture System by discrete emotional categories (NAPS BE)

Characterization of the Nencki Affective Picture System by discrete emotional categories (NAPS BE)

Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant‐directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques

Sample Size, Statistical Power, and False Conclusions in Infant Looking‐Time Research

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