The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab

Arif, Rabia; Chaudhry, Azam

doi:10.1080/00036846.2014.1000518

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sherpa (2011) uses migrant networks and the age of the migrant as an instrument for remittances. Historical migration rates at the state level interacting with household variables are used as an instrument for current migration by McKenzie and Rapoport (2006), Hanson and Woodruff (2003) for Mexico, and Arif and Chaudhry (2015) for Pakistan.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those children who are currently enrolled at a particular level of schooling and those who have completed a specific level but are not currently enrolled are treated identically. Arif and Chaudhry (2015) examine the impact of migration on school enrollment, accumulated years of schooling and dropout rates in Punjab, Pakistan. The study uses a probit model and ordinary least squares.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of them have focused on the impact of migration and remittances on child school enrollment, while ignoring child grade attainment. Barring Mansuri (2006) and Arif and Chaudhry (2015), these studies have also overlooked the problem of endogeneity. Finally, none of them have considered censoring the data for currently enrolled children.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have investigated the phenomenon of migration and the impact of migration and remittances on child education in Pakistan (see, for example: Arif, 2004;Mansuri, 2006;Nasir et al, 2011;Hassan, Mehmood & Hassan, 2013;Arif & Chaudhry, 2015). However, the evidence from these studies is not uniform: some report a positive impact on child schooling while others document a negative effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan

Khan

2016

LJE

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This study examines the impact of remittances on school enrollment and the level of education attained among children aged 4–15 years in Pakistan. It uses a nationally representative survey, the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey for 2010/11. The migrant network variable at the village level interacting with the number of adults at the household level is used as an instrument for remittances. The results of the IV probit model show that children from remittance-receiving households are more likely to enroll in school. The marginal impact of remittances on school enrollment is larger for girls and for rural households. Hence, remittances help reduce regional and gender disparities in child school enrollment in Pakistan. The IV censored ordered probit model is used to investigate the impact of remittances on children’s grade attainment. The estimated impact is negative and significant, except for urban children, lowering the probability that a child will move to a higher grade.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan

Khan

2016

LJE

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“…Using historical migration rates to instrument for migration in Punjab, Arif and Chaudhry (2015) find that remittances have a positive effect on children's schooling outcomes, measured by enrollment, accumulated levels of schooling, the number of days spent in school and lower dropout rates. Several studies have attempted to take this a step further by disentangling the impact of remittances by gender.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Remittances Versus Parental Absence on Children’s Wellbeing: Evidence from Rural Punjab

Jamil

2017

LJE

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This study examines the impact of migration on children left behind in terms of schooling and child labor by quantifying two aspects of migration: remittances and parental absence, in cases where the father is the migrant. The study is based on a panel analysis of data drawn from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey for 2007 and the Privatization in Education Research Initiative survey for 2011. The sample comprises 820 households with children aged 5–14 years. The study uses the instrumental variable (IV) approach due to endogeneity. Exogenous variation in parental absence and remittances sent by migrants from a given kinship network are employed as IVs. This, combined with household fixed effects and random effects, increases the reliability of the results. While remittances benefit the children, father’s absence has adverse consequences for them. However, mother’s presence in the house appears to compensate for the father’s absence, making the migration beneficial on net for the child. The father’s absence has worse consequences for girls in terms of increased child labor, where the money coming in through remittances has a larger impact on boys’ schooling.

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An Analysis of the Impact of International Remittances on Child Education: Evidence from Pakistan

Oda

2023

IMISCOE Research Series

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This study examines the impact of international remittances on children’s education in families that receive remittances in Pakistan. Remittances sent from overseas migrants play many roles. At the household level, workers’ remittances are an important source of income for recipient households and are used for a wide range of purposes, including daily consumption and the education of migrants’ children and/or siblings. South Asia is the largest remittance-receiving region, accounting for 25.1% of the world’s remittances in 2019. This flow of money from overseas has a significant positive impact on recipient households. Using data on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, taken from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2014–15, this chapter investigates whether receiving remittances influences the middle and secondary school enrollment of children. The findings indicate a positive impact of international remittances on the school enrollment of male children but a non-significant impact on female children. They also show that the probability of enrollment declines if the household receives internal remittances. The study reveals various influences of internal and international remittances on school enrollment and confirms a considerable disparity in middle and secondary school enrollment among male and female children.

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The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan

The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan

The Impact of Remittances Versus Parental Absence on Children’s Wellbeing: Evidence from Rural Punjab

An Analysis of the Impact of International Remittances on Child Education: Evidence from Pakistan

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