The effects of fire on <i>Phragmites australis</i> in the Delta Marsh, Manitoba

Thompson, Donald; Shay, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1139/b85-261

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…(d) Phenology- Thompson and Shay (1985) in their study in Delta Marsh, Manitoba, during May 15 to September 15, 1980, recorded flowering of P. australis during July 15 to September 15 with a peak in August. However, P. australis has been documented to flower in late June and develop seeds by August in southern New Jersey, USA (Dowling 1999(Dowling -2002.…”

Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Harvesting in the winter provides the best access to light for emerging shoots in the spring (Granéli 1989 biomass (from approximately 500 to 1000 g DW m -2 ) at the end of the following growing season in southern Sweden (Granéli 1989). Unlike Thompson and Shay (1985) in Manitoba, Granéli (1990) did not notice any frost damage after winter cutting because common reed was growing under flooded conditions, which protected young shoots from early frost. When compared to other emergent wetland vegetation, P. australis is not often seen in restored wetlands.…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light burning was defined as having no effect below 10 cm above the ground surface; severe burning as the scorching of plant parts 1-2 cm above the ground surface, and very severe burning as scorching at the soil surface. Burning results in a decrease in shoot height, the termination of bud dormancy and a resulting increase in shoot density (Thompson and Shay 1985). Shoot density increases as each damaged shoot is replaced by one or more thinner ones (Ward 1968;Haslam 1972;van der Toorn and Mook 1982).…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning conducted at Delta Marsh, Manitoba, during the spring and fall increased both shoot and bud density (Thompson and Shay 1985). Shoot biomass was greater after spring and fall burns in comparison with control plots, but was less on summer-burned plots (Thompson and Shay 1985). Burning during the winter resulted in very little damage unless the rhizomes were damaged, thereby delaying shoot emergence (van der Toorn and Mook 1982;Hocking et al 1983).…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Mal¹,

Narine²

2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

103

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-common reed, is a perennial, emergent aquatic plant with annual cane-like stems developed from an extensive rhizome system. It grows in low-lying wet areas such as fresh and salt-water marshes, drainage ditches, shallow lake edges, sandy banks, roadsides, woodlands and rocky places. Stems can reach up to 6.0 m in height, vary in diameter from 4 to10 mm and have 10 to 25 cm long hollow internodes. Clones are extended by perennial rhizomes with extensive aerenchymatous tissue that supplies oxygen. Roots develop from rhizomes and other submerged parts of shoots. Leaves are smooth, alternate with narrow-lanceolate laminae, 20 to 70 cm long and 1 to 5 cm broad, and tapering to long slender points. The inflorescence is a terminal panicle, often 30 cm long, dull purple to yellow, with main branches bearing many spikelets. Seed production and germination are extremely variable and comparatively rare in many populations. Phragmites australis carries out photosynthesis through the C 3 pathway (or a variation thereof). Studies of genetic variation through isozyme and other molecular methods suggest that the populations are very closely related, and that variation in the metapopulation is small. Chloroplast DNA sequences of two non-coding regions indicate that non-native introduced genotypes of P. australis have displaced native genotypes in parts of North America. Phragmites australis often forms extensive monocultures in North America. As a consequence, habitat quality and species diversity have been documented to decline. However, in roadside populations it is effective in taking up many typical heavy metals that originate from nearby highways and buildings. Phragmites australis is found in all Canadian provinces and the Northwest Territories, but not in the Yukon Territory or Nunavut. The infestation of P. australis is most severe in the Great Lakes region and its migration is primarily mediated through rivers, canals and waterways but roadways are increasingly becoming important. Changes in the water regime have been linked to its success and could ultimately result in changes to the floristic composition of a habitat. Rodeo™, an aqueous solution of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, is most frequently used to control P. australis populations. Other methods of control include cutting, burning, and drainage of the species' habitat. As P. australis is considered to be invasive in North America, introduction of biological control agents is now being investigated. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 365-396. Le roseau commun Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. est une vivace aquatique dont le vaste système de rhizomes donne chaque année des tiges ressemblant à des cannes. L'espèce pousse dans les dépressions humides comme les marais d'eau douce et salants, les fossés de drainage, la rive des lacs peu profonds, les berges sablonneuses, le bord des routes, les boisés et les endroits rocailleux. Les tiges atteignent parfois jusqu'à 6,0 m de hauteur et leur diamètre varie de 4 à 10 mm, avec de longues sections creuses de 10 à ...

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Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Mal¹,

Narine²

2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

103

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“…Periodic burning and harvesting do not necessarily reduce the vigor but in some cases increase subsequent growth (Haslam 1972, Van der Toorn & Mook 1982, Bjorndahl 1985, Thompson & Shay 1985. The perennial rhizome and the clonal growth of shoots help reonentation of food reserves during stressful periods (Davis & Briggs 1986).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net aerial primary productivity, litter production and decomposition of the reef Phragmites communis in a nature reserve in Hong Kong: management implications

Lee¹

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Mean net aerial primary productivity of Phragmites communis (L.) Trin. amounted to 2198.3 f 416.7 g dry wt m-' yr-' (8.24 f 1.56 X 10' kcal m-' yr-l) in the Mai PO Marshes, a nature reserve for migrant birds in Hong Kong. Success of P. con~rnunis is also reflected by the high mean aerial standing blomass of 1250.5 f 309.3 g dry wt m-' and > 50 % area1 coverage increase over a 2 yr period.Litter production was estimated as 504.9 f 212.7 g dry wt m-' yr-' Export of litter was only 0.06 % of production; the bulk of litter was thus accumulated and decomposed in situ. Decomposition of litter was influenced by temperature and inundation regimes, the rate at 52.5 % air exposure being significantly higher than at 13.5 and 2.5 % exposure. Cumulated day-degree and cumulated immersion time were better predctors of decomposition rates than time alone. Higher decomposition rates at intermediate exposure were probably related to phylloplane algal growth, which gave the litter very low C:N ratios, attracting grazing gastropods. Success of P. communis is probably related to the high accretion rate and to traditional management practices which are complementary to the seasonal growth cycle. Rapid spread of the reed may decrease the open area available to waterfowl and their prey, and may also encourage further accretion. Clipping at peak biomass in autumn coupled w t h hydropenod and water level management are possible natural ways of control.

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