The effects of fish meal substitution by clam meal on the growth and health of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)

Abstract

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) substitution by clam meal (CM, at 10%, 20% and 30% of the diet) on the growth, feed utilization, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, plasma parameters, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and gut microbiome of juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. The results indicated that: (1) juveniles fed 10% and 20% CM had a significantly higher final weight than the group fed the control (0% CM); and the control group also showed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, protein retention value, whole-body crude protein and total amino acids composition, but higher hepatosomatic index and whole-body crude fat; (2) hepatic peroxide content and superoxide dismutase activity were not significantly affected by the substitution of CM, but it did affect glutathione peroxidase activity, with higher levels found in fish fed 30% CM compared to 0% and 10% CM; (3) plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and immunoglobulin M showed no significant differences among the treatments; (4) there were no significant differences among treatments in terms of fatty acids composition and microbial diversity. Overall, this study concluded that CM has comparable benefit in the diet of Florida pompano as FM does.

Effects of Fishmeal Substitution with Mealworm Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus) on the Growth, Physiobiochemical Response, Digesta Microbiome, and Immune Genes Expression of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

“…Furthermore, one method to evaluate the adequacy of EFA provided in a diet is to evaluate the ratio of specific EFA in fish tissues with respect to the EFA provided by the diet, i.e., the fish to diet (FD) ratio [80]. This FD ratio could help to understand which EFA might be conserved, deficient, or selectively retained in terms of EFA in fish juveniles [32,80]. In the present study, the FD ratios for the total omega-3 fatty acids and PUFA for all treatments were around 1 (≤1), suggesting that the requirements for EFAs were met when Atlantic salmon parr fed the mealworm diets as fishmeal does.…”

“…-0. In fish nutrition studies, blood parameters including total protein, ALP, ALT, IgM, and TIBC are important indicators for health status in response to dietary manipulations of European sea bass [14], Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Cirrhinus mrigala [26], red seabream [27], blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala [35,45,81], largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides [29,31,82], and Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus [32]. The total protein in plasma is related to the enhancement of digested protein [81,83,84].…”

“…The presence of ALP activity in plasma is directly related to the release of ALP enzymes from cells to the extracellular fluids [85,86] and elevated activity of ALP may occur when there is cell growth, tissue necrosis, or leakage of ALP [86]. High plasma activity of ALT indicates a damage or weakening of normal liver function [32,81,87].…”

“…In fish nutrition studies, blood biochemistry and hepatic antioxidants are key parameters for evaluating fish health as it relates to nutritional manipulations [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The adaptive immune system of teleosts includes B cells, which produce three classes of immunoglobulins (Igs) such as IgM, IgD, and IgT (or IgZ in some species), with IgM+ being the predominant surface Ig isotype [33,34].…”

Relationship of environmental factors in pond water and dynamic changes of gut microbes of sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus

“…Romboutsia can be isolated in the gut of a variety of animals both aquatic and terrestrial ( Gerritsen et al, 2019 ). It has been shown that Romboutsia are significantly enriched in fish fed fishmeal ( Habte-Tsion et al, 2022 ). Romboutsia was the only genus which showed a significant positive correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus in this study ( P < 0.05 ).…”