The Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on Oxidative Phosphorylation and on the Enzymatic Destruction of Indoleacetic Acid

Stenlid, Göran

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1963.tb08295.x

Cited by 95 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been reported that IAA oxidase activity is modulated by flavonoids (Mumford et al, 1961;Furuya et al, 1962;Stenlid, 1963). Although IAA oxidation is not the predominant method of regulating IAA levels (Normanly et al, 1995), it is also possible that flavonoids could act in a different way to regulate IAA catabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flavonoids Act as Negative Regulators of Auxin Transport in Vivo in Arabidopsis

et al. 2001

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Polar transport of the plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of plant growth and development. A number of synthetic compounds have been shown to block the process of auxin transport by inhibition of the auxin efflux carrier complex. These synthetic auxin transport inhibitors may act by mimicking endogenous molecules. Flavonoids, a class of secondary plant metabolic compounds, have been suggested to be auxin transport inhibitors based on their in vitro activity. The hypothesis that flavonoids regulate auxin transport in vivo was tested in Arabidopsis by comparing wild-type (WT) and transparent testa (tt4) plants with a mutation in the gene encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase. In a comparison between tt4 and WT plants, phenotypic differences were observed, including three times as many secondary inflorescence stems, reduced plant height, decreased stem diameter, and increased secondary root development. Growth of WT Arabidopsis plants on naringenin, a biosynthetic precursor to those flavonoids with auxin transport inhibitor activity in vitro, leads to a reduction in root growth and gravitropism, similar to the effects of synthetic auxin transport inhibitors. Analyses of auxin transport in the inflorescence and hypocotyl of independent tt4 alleles indicate that auxin transport is elevated in plants with a tt4 mutation. In hypocotyls of tt4, this elevated transport is reversed when flavonoids are synthesized by growth of plants on the flavonoid precursor, naringenin. These results are consistent with a role for flavonoids as endogenous regulators of auxin transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flavonoids Act as Negative Regulators of Auxin Transport in Vivo in Arabidopsis

et al. 2001

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“…therein). Certain flavonoids were shown also to play role in auxin breakdown in plants (Furuya et al, 1962;Stenlid, 1963;Rao, 1990 and refs. therein).…”

Section: Discussion Cyp: From Regulation To Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

et al. 2003

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An early auxin-induced gene was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv Nihonmasari) coleoptiles by a fluorescent-labeled differential display screen. The full-length gene contains conserved domains characteristic for the cytochrome P450 superfamily. This gene, designated as CYP87A3, was weakly expressed in dark-grown coleoptiles but was up-regulated rapidly and transiently when coleoptile segments were incubated in 5 m indole-3-acetic acid. This induction by auxin could not be suppressed by cycloheximide. Depletion of segments from endogenous auxin reduced the amount of CYP87A3 transcripts. The CYP87A3 transcript level was rapidly, although transiently, up-regulated in response to light as well. The observed pattern of gene regulation might indicate a role in the suppression of auxin-induced coleoptile growth. The role of CYP87A3 is discussed with respect to auxin signaling in the regulation of coleoptile growth.Coleoptiles represent a classical model system to study the control of growth-related signaling, because they grow exclusively by cell elongation (Wada, 1961) and respond to environmental signals. The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in the control of coleoptile elongation. As a matter of fact, auxin was discovered as a powerful growth substance that is produced mainly in the coleoptile tip, migrates basipetally, and is crucial for the signaldependent regulation of growth (Went, 1928).Although the importance of basipetal auxin transport has been confirmed by a wealth of data collected over several decades (for review, see Masuda et al., 1998), the role of auxin in the signal-dependent growth response appears to be complex. As shown by recent data, auxin distribution depends on several intrinsic activities, mainly synthesis, conjugation/deconjugation, and catabolism (for review, see Normanly, 1997). Moreover, changes in auxin transport between neighboring tissues and/or local concentrations can influence growth. For instance, a correlation between growth inhibition and a decrease in the level of extractable indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) could be demonstrated in the epidermis of irradiated pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings (Behringer and Davies, 1992). In addition, sensitivity/responsiveness of the target tissue to auxin have to be considered (Trewavas, 1981). Because of this complexity, the events underlying signaling mediating auxin-triggered cell elongation are still far from being understood.Growing evidence has appeared concerning regulation of auxin action at the level of gene expression (for example, expressional control of primary auxinresponsive genes, such as members of GH3 or Aux/ IAA family; see Leyser, 2002; Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002; Nakazawa et al., 2001). From the expression pattern of such genes, their role in signaling as well as their putative function have been inferred. We therefore ventured to isolate auxin-regulated gene(s) related to auxin-induced elongation. Using fluorescent differential display (FDD; Kuno et al., 2000), we screened for a subset of auxin-induced...

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“…In addition, Stenlid (15) has shown that active ion accumulation by roots is inhibited by exogenous flavonoids. The latter effect was correlated to an uncoupling effect on isolated mitochondria by various flavonoids (16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 90%

Inhibition of Photophosphorylation by Kaempferol

Arntzen¹,

Falkenthal²,

Bobick³

1974

Plant Physiol.

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Kaempferol, a naturally occurring flavonol, inhibited coupled electron transport and both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation in isolated pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Over a concentration range which gave marked inhibition of ATP synthesis, there was no effect on There have been no reports describing the effects of flavonoids on the reactions of chloroplasts, either in vivo or in vitro. Since kaempferol is a common naturally occurring flavonoid (3, 5), we have studied its effects on reactions of isolated pea chloroplasts. We will demonstrate that kaempferol is a potent inhibitor of photophosphorylation at concentrations which are physiologically significant. MATERIALS AND METHODSChloroplasts were isolated from 10-to 14-day-old pea leaves, Pisum sativum var. Alaska. Ten grams of leaf and stem tissue were homogenized for 5 sec in a Waring Microblender in 20 ml of grinding solution (0.4 M sorbitol; 0.1 M Na-Tricine, pH 7.8; 0.07 M sodium ascorbate; and 2 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin). The brei was filtered through 4 and then 12 layers of cheesecloth and centrifuged at lOOOg for 10 min. The resulting chloroplast pellet was dispersed in 1 ml of resuspension mix (0.4 M sorbitol; 0.05 M Na-Tricine, pH 7.8; 0.01 M KCI; and bovine serum albumin, 5 mg/ml). Chl concentration was determined according to Arnon (1).

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The Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on Oxidative Phosphorylation and on the Enzymatic Destruction of Indoleacetic Acid

Cited by 95 publications

References 25 publications

Flavonoids Act as Negative Regulators of Auxin Transport in Vivo in Arabidopsis

Flavonoids Act as Negative Regulators of Auxin Transport in Vivo in Arabidopsis

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

Inhibition of Photophosphorylation by Kaempferol

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