The effects of fluoride, strontium, theobromine and their combinations on caries lesion rehardening and fluoridation

Abstract

It can be concluded that a) strontium aids rehardening but not EFU and only in presence of fluoride; b) theobromine does not appear to offer any anti-caries benefits in this model; c) there are no synergistic effects between strontium and theobromine in the presence or absence of fluoride.

Effects of theobromine addition on chemical and mechanical properties of a conventional glass ionomer cement

“…It is also worth mentioning that other cocoa components, such as oleic and linoleic acids, have antibacterial inhibitory action against S. mutans (Ooshima et al 2000; Osawa et al 2001). Other in vitro studies reported that alkaloids obtained from cocoa seeds or bark have the ability to remineralize enamel through the formation of apatite and increase in crystal size, creating a harder and acid dissolution-resistant enamel (Kargul et al 2012; Amaechi et al 2015; Lippert 2017; Simmons et al 2016). …”

“…When added to dentifrices, theobromine produces apparent dentinal tubules obliteration, which might reduce sensitivity (Amaechi et al 2015; Lippert 2017). …”

“…Thus, due to promising results when added to other dental materials (Osawa et al 2001; Matsumoto et al 2004; Percival et al 2006; Ferrazano et al 2009; Kargul et al 2012; Amaechi et al 2015; Lippert 2017), this in vitro study evaluated the addition of theobromine to GIC in an attempt to increase its anti-cariogenic effects without altering its physical and chemical properties. This innovative material could be established as an additional strategy for caries treatment.…”

Efeito da Adição de teobromina sobre as propriedades do cimento de ionômero de vidro

“…Ao longo dos anos, outras investigações sobre a teobromina foram empreendidas, com o objetivo de incorporá-la a compostos para uso dentário, tais como, solução de flúor, proporcionando maior eficiência bactericida, remineralizadora ou dessensibilizante (14) . Dentre tais investigações, destaca-se aquela que avaliou os efeitos da adição desse alcalóide a pastas dentífricas fluoradas e não fluoradas para o controle da hipersensibilidade.…”

“…Assim, por apresentar resultados promissores quando adicionada a outros tipos de materiais (7,12,14,16,17) , carboxílicos e água, tornando-se um material de reação ácido-base (4) . Quimicamente, a base de todos os ionômeros é principalmente fluoreto de cálcio, dióxido de silício e óxido de alumínio, além de fosfatos e outros fluoretos, tais como, de sódio.…”