The effects of food components on hormonal signalling in gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells

Abstract

The incidence of obesity and obesity-associated diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, has reached epidemic proportions in recent years. It is predicted that by 2015 over 1.5 billion consumers will be overweight or obese. Several of the current drug-based treatments on the market for weight management and appetite control either lack efficacy or are associated with adverse side-effects. There is, therefore, an opportunity to develop functional foods which are both nutritionally beneficial but which also aid in weight management. Peptides produced in the gastrointestinal tract, which function to regulate feed intake and satiety, have been identified as key targets for bioactive ingredients in functional foods. These peptides are produced and released by specialised enteroendocrine cells. Understanding the interaction of foods with these cells is vital to the development of food matrices with positive health benefits. This review describes enteroendocrine cell populations in detail and focuses on the peptides that they produce in addition to their other functions, including taste transduction. Several food-based sources of bioactives and current food products on the market with beneficial effects on satiety and glycaemia will also be discussed.

In vitro bioactive properties of intact and enzymatically hydrolysed whey protein: targeting the enteroinsular axis

“…The relative potency of each compound and the mechanism(s) responsible, however, remain to be established. STC-1 cells are a heterogeneous intestinal epithelial cell population derived from the intestinal endocrine tumor of double transgenic mice 58 and an accepted model of enteroendocrine cells. 53 Fol- lowing exposure of STC-1 cells to intact and hydrolysed whey proteins only intact WPC enhanced GLP-1 secretion above the vehicle control.…”

A Focus on Enterochromaffin Cells among the Enteroendocrine Cells: Localization, Morphology, and Role

“…Given the role of ECs in the maintenance of digestive tract homeostasis and their alterations in metabolic syndromes [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ], we describe the recent developments concerning the relevance of diet on these cells in health and in illness.…”

MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans

“…Postprandial GI motility is stimulated by luminal distention and is modulated by luminal nutrients. Enteroendocrine cells react to the luminal contents by releasing a variety of gastrointestinal peptides like Cholecystokinin (CCK), Peptide YY (PYY) and Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) . CCK delays gastric emptying and stimulates gall bladder contraction, PYY slows meal transit through a delay in gastric emptying and increasing the GI transit time (known as ileal brake), while GLP‐1 delays gastric emptying and decreases small bowel motility separately …”

“…3 Furthermore, MR does not expose the subject to ionizing radiation, permitting serial scanning [4][5][6] Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). 7 CCK delays gastric emptying and stimulates gall bladder contraction, 8 PYY slows meal transit through a delay in gastric emptying and increasing the GI transit time (known as ileal brake), 9 while GLP-1 delays gastric emptying 10 and decreases small bowel motility separately. 11,12 It thus comes as rather a major diagnostic limitation that most investigative MR paradigms are undertaken in the fasting patient and not in the physiological state with an abnormally distended bowel with contrast agent.…”