The Effects of Foods on Blood Lipids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary choices may produce profound effects on blood lipids. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate which foods modify blood lipids in NAFLD.Methods: Systematic review of published systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception through March 2020. Studies in populations with NAFLD, which provided data on foods or dietary patterns and blood lipids were included, but not weight loss diets, supplements, nor individual nutrients. The strength of evidence was evaluated using The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).Results: No relevant systematic reviews were identified. Eleven RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis. Two RCTs were included in meta-analyses, regarding the comparison between Mediterranean and Low-fat diets, in which there were no clear effects on either high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides, with Low evidence. From single RCTs, there was Moderate evidence for reduced triglycerides by a healthy dietary pattern, compared with usual care; and for reduced total cholesterol by a probiotic yogurt, enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, compared with conventional yogurt. For all other comparisons, the evidence was considered as Low or Very low.Conclusion: Few studies were identified which reported effects of foods on blood lipids in subjects with NAFLD. The possible beneficial effect of probiotics warrants further study. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42020178927.

The effect of dietary patterns on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed by biopsy or magnetic resonance in adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

“…There was no evidence from the studies included in the current qualitative synthesis that any dietary pattern was superior over their comparator with regards to components of the metabolic syndrome or concentrations of liver enzymes. A recent systematic review that examined the effect of foods and dietary patterns in blood lipid concentrations among adults with NAFLD who do not receive lipid-lowering medication found similar results [39]. This review included a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials that examined the effect of the Mediterranean diet against a low-fat diet, including a study that was included in the current review [30], and showed no effect on HDLcholesterol (-0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI = -0.27 to 0.12) or triglyceride concentrations (-0.04 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.31) [39].…”

“…A recent systematic review that examined the effect of foods and dietary patterns in blood lipid concentrations among adults with NAFLD who do not receive lipid-lowering medication found similar results [39]. This review included a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials that examined the effect of the Mediterranean diet against a low-fat diet, including a study that was included in the current review [30], and showed no effect on HDLcholesterol (-0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI = -0.27 to 0.12) or triglyceride concentrations (-0.04 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.31) [39]. In contrast, our post hoc pooled analysis indicated greater reductions in triglyceride concentrations with a Mediterranean diet, compared to a low-fat diet, which is similar to the findings of a recent meta-analysis on the effect of this dietary pattern on metabolic health [40].…”

Resposta imunometabólica dos treinamentos aeróbico e resistido sobre os tecidos hepático e muscular esquelético de ratos submetidos às dietas balanceada e hiperlipídica

“…Considera-se que o consumo de dieta hiperlipídica (ou de cafeteria), é um dos fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade, tendo em vista que este tipo de dieta ocidentalizada possui alta taxa calórica e promove o acúmulo de gordura corporal, que por sua vez, resulta em aumento de massa corporal 19,20 .…”