The effects of frontal lobe functioning and age on veridical and false recall

Chan, Jason C. K.; McDermott, Kathleen B.

doi:10.3758/bf03196809

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, research has suggested that high ability older adults (high scorers on a putative battery of frontal-lobe sensitive tests) have near equivalent levels of correct and false recalls as younger adults (Butler, McDaniel, Dornburg, Price, & Roediger, 2004). Subsequent correlational research has suggested that age and ability (again based on a putative composite of frontal functioning) account for unique variance in false recalls and this occurs for both older and younger adults (Chan & McDermott, 2007). It is clear that there are age differences in false recall, and these age differences are likely due in part to differences in strategic monitoring abilities as well as other abilities which change over the lifespan.…”

Section: Individual Differences In False Recallmentioning

confidence: 97%

Individual differences in false recall: A latent variable analysis

Unsworth

Brewer

2010

Journal of Memory and Language

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Section: Individual Differences In False Recallmentioning

confidence: 97%

Individual differences in false recall: A latent variable analysis

Unsworth

Brewer

2010

Journal of Memory and Language

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“…Similar to many existing experiments demonstrating reconsolidation-like effects, it is not possible to know whether our reactivation-relearning manipulation impaired memory performance by weakening the original memory (i.e., a storage deficit) or by impairing its retrieval. It is also unknown whether different retrieval environments or subject factors [e.g., differences in overall suggestibility (53), differences in executive functioning (54)] can protect one from the present forgetting effect. Thus, further research is needed to clarify the boundary conditions of our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairing existing declarative memory in humans by disrupting reconsolidation

Chan

LaPaglia²

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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122

170

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During the past decade, a large body of research has shown that memory traces can become labile upon retrieval and must be restabilized. Critically, interrupting this reconsolidation process can abolish a previously stable memory. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated this reconsolidation associated amnesia in nonhuman animals, the evidence for its occurrence in humans is far less compelling, especially with regard to declarative memory. In fact, reactivating a declarative memory often makes it more robust and less susceptible to subsequent disruptions. Here we show that existing declarative memories can be selectively impaired by using a noninvasive retrieval-relearning technique. In six experiments, we show that this reconsolidation-associated amnesia can be achieved 48 h after formation of the original memory, but only if relearning occurred soon after retrieval. Furthermore, the amnesic effect persists for at least 24 h, cannot be attributed solely to source confusion and is attainable only when relearning targets specific existing memories for impairment. These results demonstrate that human declarative memory can be selectively rewritten during reconsolidation.forgetting | human memory | misinformation effect | testing effect | eyewitness memory T he entrenched view that memory becomes permanent upon consolidation has faced considerable scrutiny based on recent works demonstrating that retrieval can destabilize existing memories, and that the reactivated memories need to be reconsolidated (1, 2). During the past decade, a growing body of evidence has revealed the chemical and molecular nature of reconsolidation and its behavioral consequences (3). Critically, when a consolidated memory (e.g., a conditioned fear response) is retrieved, it becomes labile and requires protein synthesis for restabilization, and later retrieval of that memory can be severely impaired if an amnesic treatment is administered during the reconsolidation process.Despite the proliferation of research on reconsolidation, few studies have involved human subjects, perhaps because most pharmacological consolidation blockers are unsuitable for human use (3, 4). When reconsolidation associated memory impairments are demonstrated in humans, the effects have been limited to fear conditioning (5-8), motor sequence learning (9), and drug-induced craving (10). To date, we are aware of no study that has shown reconsolidation-associated impairment in declarative memory. Indeed, even when oral administration of propranolol (a systemic pharmacological consolidation blocker approved for human use) reduced the emotional response associated with a fear-inducing experience (6, 7), it left the declarative recollection intact.* Although several studies have examined whether existing declarative memories can be impaired by interference upon reactivation, none has shown memory impairments similar to those regularly exhibited in fear conditioning. Moreover, these studies used a reminder to trigger reactivation of the original memory while pro...

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“…Younger and older adults with poor performance on behavioral tests reliant on MTL functioning are more likely to falsely identify lure items on the basis of semantic relatedness or familiarity with studied items (Fandakova et al, 2013b; Plancher et al, 2009; Rubin et al, 1999; see also Zhu et al, 2010), though the evidence for this relationship is mixed (McCabe et al, 2009). Likewise, performance on executive functioning tests sensitive to frontal functioning (particularly dorsolateral and superior medial PFC; see Stuss et al, 1998, 2000, 2001; Troyer et al, 1998) is associated with deficits in monitoring the source of incoming information for both younger and older adults (Chan & McDermott, 2007; Craik et al, 1990; Fandakova et al, 2013a; Glisky et al, 2001; Henkel et al, 1998; Pansky et al, 2009; Plancher et al, 2009; Roediger & Geraci, 2007; Rubin et al, 1999; Sauzéon et al, 2016). Highlighting the considerable heterogeneity in cognitive aging, older adults with preserved executive functioning are no more susceptible to false alarms than college students (Butler et al, 2004; Meade et al, 2012; though see Lindner & Davidson, 2014).…”

Section: Medial Temporal Lobe and Prefrontal Cortex Changes With Amentioning

confidence: 99%

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

2016

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As we age we become increasingly susceptible to memory distortions and inaccuracies. Over the past decade numerous neuroimaging studies have attempted to illuminate the neural underpinnings of aging and false memory. Here we review these studies, and link their findings with those concerning the cognitive properties of age-related changes in memory accuracy. Collectively this evidence points towards a prominent role for age-related declines in medial temporal and prefrontal brain areas, and corresponding impairments in associative binding and strategic monitoring. A resulting cascade of cognitive changes contributes to the heightened vulnerability to false memories with age, including reduced recollective ability, a reliance on gist information and familiarity-based monitoring mechanisms, as well as a reduced ability to inhibit irrelevant information and erroneous binding of features between memory traces. We consider both theoretical and applied implications of research on aging and false memories, as well as questions remaining to be addressed in future research.

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The effects of frontal lobe functioning and age on veridical and false recall

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Individual differences in false recall: A latent variable analysis

Individual differences in false recall: A latent variable analysis

Impairing existing declarative memory in humans by disrupting reconsolidation

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

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