The Effects of Gain Versus Loss Message Framing and Point of Reference on Consumer Responses to Green Advertising

Effects of Message Framing and Past Experience on Intentions to Prevent Human–Coyote Conflicts

“…An emerging line of research has started investigating how gain versus loss framing may interact with point of referencing to influence attitudes and behavioral intentions (e.g., Loroz, 2007;Segev et al, 2015). In general, these researchers found that loss framing worked better when the referencing point was closer to the self, whereas gain framing was more persuasive when the referencing point was more distant from the self.…”

“…Many studies have investigated differential effects between self-versus other-referencing (e.g., Gardner, 2010;Sagev et al, 2015), but few have attempted to distinguish different types of other-referencing. One obvious disadvantage of examining self-versus other-referencing is that the line between the self and the other is blurry in the context of human-coyote conflicts (Segev et al, 2015). For example, according to Green and Haines (2015), a community can be defined as "a specific geography, such as residential areas demarcated by major streets or other physical barriers" (p. 4).…”

“…In addition to gain versus loss framing, the use of point of reference in message design also impacts how individuals respond to message appeals (Segev, Fernandes, & Wang, 2015). In general, there are two types of points of reference: self-referencing and other-referencing.…”

Personalization–privacy paradox and consumer conflict with the use of location-based mobile commerce

“…This implies that the model for predicting the internal conflict of consumers in paradoxical situations can be improved. In previous studies, consumers' risk-aversion propensity (Bao, Zhou, & Su, 2003) and message framing (Segev, Fernandes, & Wang, 2015) have been presented as factors affecting the consumers' conflict in the decision-making process. Thus, additional efforts to verify the effect of these factors is required in future studies.…”

Encouraging Safe Wildlife Viewing in National Parks: Effects of a Communication Campaign on Visitors’ Behavior

“…Recent message effects research demonstrates the role of point of reference as another consideration in risk communication message design (Cheng, Woon, & Lynes, 2011;Lu et al, 2018;Lu, McComas, Buttke, Roh, & Wild, 2016). Point of reference refers to how psychologically close a risk is to ourselves: self-referencing directly involves oneself; self-other referencing involves one's social affiliations like family, friends, and community; and other referencing involves one's environment (Loroz, 2007;Segev, Fernandes, & Wang, 2015). Most point-of-reference research has been conducted in the context of health communication; a meta-analysis showed self-other referencing to be more effective than self-referencing messages in that context (Keller & Lehmann, 2008).…”