The effects of garlic preparations against human tumor cell proliferation

Siegers, C.‐P.; Steffen, Britta; Röbke, Astrid; Pentz, R.

doi:10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80028-2

Cited by 88 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Garlic powder and an alliin-enriched garlic extract inhibited the growth of a human lymphatic leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner, but inhibited the growth of human hepatoma and human colorectal carcinoma cells only when applied as a mixture. This finding indicates that the antiproliferative effect of garlic is due to breakdown products of alliin catalyzed by the alliinase enzyme system present in garlic powder (111).…”

Section: Reviews • Allium Vegetables and Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Bianchini

Vainio

2001

Environ Health Perspect

194

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The Allium genus includes approximately 500 species, the most widely used of which are onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), leeks (Allium porrum), chives (Allium schoenoprasum), and shallots (Allium ascalonicum). Garlic is widely cultivated and consumed worldwide, and its beneficial effects have been known for thousands of years. It has been considered to increase longevity and to confer stamina and physical strength, and it has been used empirically as a vermifuge, antiseptic, antimicrobic, antipyretic, and analgesic. The scientific community has now become interested in the pharmacologic properties of Allium vegetables and their chemical constituents, particularly with regard to their effects on the cardiovascular system and in the prevention of cancer. Garlic has antihypertensive and antiarrythmic properties and exerts an antithrombotic effect through fibrinolytic activity and the reduction of platelet aggregation. Ingestion of garlic has also been reported to lower the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins and to increase the concentration of high-density lipoproteins in blood. These findings suggest that garlic has a preventive effect against atherosclerosis and its complications, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and thrombotic disorders. The findings in relation to cancer prevention that have been accumulated over the last 20 years are summarized here.We performed a systematic Medline search of the published literature on epidemiologic studies involving the relationship between consumption of Allium vegetables-garlic, onions, and leeks-and neoplasms/tumors. For the animal studies and for studies on mechanisms of action, we conducted searches for review articles. These lists of references were then updated using references from review papers and original research articles. Active Compounds in Allium VegetablesFresh garlic contains water, carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, and fat, as well as essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. When garlic is cut, chopped, or crushed, the clove's membrane is disrupted and S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (an odorless compound called alliine) is transformed enzymatically into allicin by alliinase (1). Allicin is responsible for the typical odor of garlic, but it is unstable and converts readily into mono-, di-, and trisulfides and other compounds such as ajoene. Onions mainly contain S-propenylcysteine sulfoxide (1), but also other sulfoxides, including S-propylcysteine sulfoxide and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide (2). S-Propenylcysteine sulfoxide, positional isomer of alliin, is called lacrimatory precursor, because it is tranformed by alliinase into the lacrimatory factor propanethial S-oxide. The lacrimatory factor is highly reactive and hydrolyzes to propionaldehyde, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen sulfide; it is also the precursor of several sulfur derivatives. Organosulfur compounds present in Allium vegetables, which are either lipid or water soluble (Table 1), are considered responsible for the beneficial effects of these...

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Section: Reviews • Allium Vegetables and Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Bianchini

Vainio

2001

Environ Health Perspect

194

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“…The enzyme, alliinase, released by cell disruption transforms alliin into allicin. Since garlic inhibits the growth of tumor cells only when applied as a mixture of alliin-enriched garlic extract (without alliinase) and garlic powder preparation (with alliinase), its antiproliferative activity is attributable to the enzymatic breakdown products of alliin rather than alliin itself [21]. Although allicin is one of such products, this compound is so unstable that it is rapidly converted to diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and ajoene ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic allyl derivatives interact with membrane lipids to modify the membrane fluidity

Tsuchiya

Nagayama

2008

J Biomed Sci

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As a novel approach to the mode of medicinal action of garlic, its constituents were comparatively studied with respect to their interactions with membrane lipids to modify the membrane fluidity. Allyl derivatives rigidified tumor cell and platelet model membranes consisting of unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol at 20-500 muM with the potency being diallyl trisulfide (DATS) > diallyl disulfide (DADS) by preferentially acting on the hydrocarbon cores of lipid bilayers. They were also effective in rigidifying candida cell model membranes prepared with ergosterol and phospholipids at 100-500 microM with the potency being DADS > DATS > diallyl sulfide (DAS), but not bacteria cell model membranes without ergosterol. Alliin, a precursor of these DASs, was not active on any membranes at 500 microM. Both relative intensity and selectivity in membrane effects correlated with those in antiproliferative, antiplatelet and antimicrobial effects. In cell culture experiments, membrane-active DASs inhibited the growth of tumor cells cultured for 24 and 48 h at 20-500 muM to show the potency being DATS > DADS, together with rigidifying cell membranes by acting on their deeper regions more intensively. However, membrane-inactive allyl derivatives were not growth-inhibitory on tumor cells. The membrane lipid interactions of DASs appear to be one of possible mechanisms underlying different effects of garlic.

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“…Alliin and one of its metabolites, allicin, have also been found to show tumor-inhibiting effects (Lawson, 1998;Dorant, 1993). Since then, although a number of studies have been made on the antitumor and cytotoxic actions of garlic and its organosulfur constituents (Hayes et al, 1987;Wargovich et al, 1988;Balasenthil, 1999;Siegers et al, 1999;Hong et al, 2000;Lamm et al, 2000) the precise mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic action of garlic are not completely known. In another study, it has been established that garlic components affect the N-acyltransferase activity of human bladder tumor cells (Chung, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of garlic and black grape extracts on the activity of adenosine deaminase from cancerous and noncancerous human urinary bladder tissues

et al. 2007

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Aim Possible effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and black grape (Fructus vitis minuta) with known antioxidant potential on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities were investigated in cancerous and noncancerous human bladder tissues. Methods The effects of garlic and black grape extracts on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities were measured in 20 pairs of cancer and adjacent normal human bladder tissues with and without pre-incubation with garlic and black grape extracts at different concentrations. Results No significant difference was observed between ADA activities in cancerous and non cancerous bladder tissues without plant extract (5.85 AE 3.78 versus 7.63 AE 2.88, respectively). At the 1/3 and 1/1 plant extract/bladder tissue homogenate ratios, the garlic extract completely abolished the ADA activity in both cancerous and noncancerous tissues. At the 1/3 plant extract/bladder tissue homogenate ratio, the black grape extract decreased the activity significantly as compared to without extract (2.01 AE 1.30 versus 5.85 AE 3.78; p \ 0.05 for cancerous tissue and 2.10 AE 1.66 versus 7.63 AE 2.88; p \ 0.05 for noncancerous tissue) and, at the 1/1 plant extract/bladder tissue homogenate ratio, completely abolished the activity. Conclusion Our results show that garlic and black grape have potential to inhibit ADA activity in both cancerous and adjacent normal human bladder tissues.We suggest that this might be rational basis for the uses of garlic and black grape in the complementary therapy of urinary bladder cancer. _ I. Durak Á _

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The effects of garlic preparations against human tumor cell proliferation

Cited by 88 publications

References 8 publications

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer?

Garlic allyl derivatives interact with membrane lipids to modify the membrane fluidity

Effects of garlic and black grape extracts on the activity of adenosine deaminase from cancerous and noncancerous human urinary bladder tissues

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