The effects of geochemical processes on groundwater chemistry and the health risks associated with fluoride intake in a semi-arid region of South India

Karunanidhi, D.; Aravinthasamy, P.; Deepali, M.; Subramani, T.; Roy, Priyadarsi D.

doi:10.1039/c9ra10332e

Cited by 70 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Cluster analysis was performed using the PAST (v.3.21) package. The spatial variations of HPI was studied using the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) technique in ArcGIS (v.10.2.1) ( Karunanidhi et al, 2020a ; Shankar and Kawo, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on microbial and metals contaminations in a part of Thirumanimuthar River, South India: A comparative health hazard perspective

Karunanidhi¹,

Aravinthasamy²,

Subramani

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Twenty-two water samples from the Thirumanimuthar River course in southern India were collected before COVID-19 lockdown and during COVID-19 lockdown periods and were analyzed for microbiological parameters ( fecal coliform bacteria, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr). The lockdown has decreased microbial populations and heavy metals. Fe, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr exceeded the drinking water limits, respectively, in 77%, 45%, 27%, 18%, 9% and 91% of the pre-lockdown samples. During the lockdown period, Fe, Cu and Cd concentrations in 23% and Cr in 50% of the samples exceeded the limits. Heavy Metal Pollution Index (PI) expressed that 27%, 64% and 9% of the pre-lockdown samples represented ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’ pollution categories, respectively, but 68% and 32% of the lockdown period samples represented ‘low’ and ‘medium’ categories, respectively. The Metal Index (MI) exposed that all samples of pre-lockdown were under the seriously affected category, whereas 54% and 46% of lockdown samples were under strongly and seriously affected categories, respectively. Health risk evaluation predicted that 95%, 91% and 86% of pre-lockdown samples and 45%, 36% and 33% of lockdown period samples were at risk among children, teenagers and adults, respectively. As there is no integrated study on river water quality of COVID-19 lockdown this work is uniquely carried out by combining heavy metal pollution, microbial contamination and human health risk evaluation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on microbial and metals contaminations in a part of Thirumanimuthar River, South India: A comparative health hazard perspective

Karunanidhi¹,

Aravinthasamy²,

Subramani

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The average Na + concentration varied slightly among post- and pre-monsoon samples (Table 2 ), which is probably because Na + mainly comes from geogenic sources. The consumption of high levels of Na + can cause high blood pressure, hyperosmolarity, arteriosclerosis, and oedema (Aravinthasamy et al 2020a ; Karunanidhi et al 2020a , b , c ; Sarath Prasanth et al 2012 ). We speculate that percolation of potassium applied in agricultural fertilizers through the soil was responsible for the increase in the concentration of K + in the post-monsoon period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher fluoride concentrations in groundwater of geogenic origin are commonly associated with granitic gneisses, syenites, granodiorites, quartz-monzonites, and hornblende-biotite-gneisses (Edmunds and Smedley 2005 ; Karunanidhi et al 2020a , b , c , d ; Mukherjee et al 2019 ). Fluoride is commonly present in minerals, such as fluorapatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH,F], topaz [Al 2 (SiO 4 )F 2 ](CaF 2 ), cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ), villiaumite (NaF), amphiboles, and micas (Adimalla and Qian 2019 ; Mukherjee et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various thematic layers were arranged using the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) tool. IDW is an important technique which interpolates based on the values of surrounding locations and calculates weights only distance up to the interpolation location as described by Karunanidhi et al ( 2020a , b , c , d ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susheela ( 2002 ) estimated that approximately 66 million people in 250 districts in India are at risk from endemic fluorosis. We previously conducted studies in southern India that indicated that children are particularly sensitive to the health risks from high intake of fluoride-rich drinking water (Karunanidhi et al 2019 , 2020a , b , c , d ). Similar studies have been conducted in other countries around the world, such as the United Arab Emirates (Walia et al 2017 ); Iran (Yousefi et al 2018 ; Dehbandi et al 2018 ), China (Zhang et al 2017 ), and Tunisia (Guissouma et al 2017 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Pollution and Human Health Risks in an Industrialized Region of Southern India: Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown and the Monsoon Seasonal Cycles

Karunanidhi¹,

Aravinthasamy²,

Deepali

et al. 2021

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Assessment of deep aquifer groundwater quality in a geographically unique climatic region of Southern Western Ghats, India using water quality indices

Kannan

Krishnakumar

Joseph

et al. 2022

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Water quality index (WQI) models are generally used in hydrochemical studies to simplify complex data into single values to reflect the overall quality. In this study, deep groundwater quality in the Chittur and Palakkad Taluks of the Bharathapuzha river basin of Kerala, India, was assessed by employing the WQI method developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The assessment of overall water quality is indispensable due to the specific characteristics of the study area, such as geography, climate, over‐drafting, and prevalent agricultural practices. Forty representative samples were collected from the study area for monsoon (MON) and pre‐monsoon (PRM) seasons. The results showed a general increase of contents from MON to PRM. The major cations were spread in the order Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ and the anions HCO3−>Cl−>CO32− based on their relative abundance. Among various parameters analysed, alkalinity and bicarbonate levels during MON were comparatively high, which is indicative of carbonate weathering, and 90% of the samples failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017)/Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012) drinking water guidelines. The CCME WQI analysis revealed that nearly 50% of the samples during each season represented good and excellent categories. The samples in the poor category comprised 10% in MON and 15% in PRM. The overall WQI exhibited 15% of poor category samples as well. The spatial depiction of CCME WQI classes helped to expose zones of degraded quality in the centre to eastward parts. The spatial and temporal variations of CCME WQI classes and different physicochemical attributes indicated the influence of common factors attributing to the deep groundwater quality. The study also revealed inland salinity at Kolluparamba and Peruvamba stations, where agricultural activities were rampant with poor surface water irrigation.

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The effects of geochemical processes on groundwater chemistry and the health risks associated with fluoride intake in a semi-arid region of South India

Abstract: This study attempts to establish the effects of subsurface geochemical processes based on the hydrogeochemical attributes of 61 well samples collected in a semi-arid region of South India.

Cited by 70 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on microbial and metals contaminations in a part of Thirumanimuthar River, South India: A comparative health hazard perspective

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on microbial and metals contaminations in a part of Thirumanimuthar River, South India: A comparative health hazard perspective

Groundwater Pollution and Human Health Risks in an Industrialized Region of Southern India: Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown and the Monsoon Seasonal Cycles

Assessment of deep aquifer groundwater quality in a geographically unique climatic region of Southern Western Ghats, India using water quality indices

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