The effects of glyphosate-based herbicide formulations on Lemna minor, a non-target species

Sikorski, Łukasz; Baciak, Michał; Bęś, Agnieszka; Adomas, B.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.021

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Moreover, recent results show that agricultural land use with glyphosate and GBH may cause effects of pollution directly on the ecosystem-level, both in freshwater and in the marine environment, by harming primary producers like green and brown algae [29,30]. Ecosystem-level effects can also be mediated by indirect interactions, e.g., through reduction or removal of an aquatic plant due to a low concentration of GBH, which in turn can reduce the abundance of macro-invertebrates (i.e.…”

Section: Are Glyphosate and Roundup Practically Non-toxic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain—An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans

Bøhn

Millstone

2019

Foods

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Glyphosate-tolerant (GT) soybeans dominate the world soybean market. These plants have triggered increased use of, as well as increased residues of, glyphosate in soybean products. We present data that show farmers have doubled their glyphosate applications per season (from two to four) and that residues of late season spraying of glyphosate (at full bloom of the plant) result in much higher residues in the harvested plants and products. GT soybeans produced on commercial farms in the USA, Brazil and Argentina accumulate in total an estimated 2500–10,000 metric tonnes of glyphosate per year, which enter global food chains. We also review studies that have compared the quality of GT soybeans with conventional and organic soybeans. Feeding studies in Daphnia magna have shown dose-related adverse effects (mortality, reduced fecundity and delayed reproduction) of glyphosate residues in soybeans, even at glyphosate concentrations below allowed residue levels. We argue that GT soybeans need to be tested in fully representative and realistic contexts. However, the current risk assessment system has only required and received data from field trials with beans that were sprayed with much lower doses of glyphosate as compared to contemporary commercial farms. This has left knowledge gaps and a potentially serious underestimation of health risks to consumers.

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Section: Are Glyphosate and Roundup Practically Non-toxic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain—An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans

Bøhn

Millstone

2019

Foods

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“…There are few studies on the phytotoxicity of glyphosate to lettuce, however, there is a large amount of research carried out with other organisms. Sikorski et al (2019), reported that the accumulation of glyphosate in plant tissues had toxic effects on common duckweed (Lemna minor), slowing down its growth and production, as well as inhibition the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b carotenoids. In contrast to the previously mentioned in situ tests, studies carried out with the application of the herbicide glyphosate in different plants in field tests, elucidated a high gradient of sensitivity of the plants to the herbicide, where there was a decrease in growth as the glyphosate concentration increased, causing even the mortality of some species (PFLEEGER et al 2012;FLORENCIA et al 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate concentration and phytotoxicity in Lactuca sativa Buttercrunch

Primo¹,

Göde²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2020

REGET

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Agrochemicals, also known as agrotoxics or pesticides, have been widely used to control the proliferation of pests and weeds in agricultural crops to ensure high planting productivity. Among the most used pesticides in the world is the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine), because it proves effective for controlling the annual and perennial growth of weeds in agriculture, forestry, urban areas, and domestic gardens. However, the spraying of this compound on a large scale has caused concern, since it accumulates in the topsoil and can generate negative environmental impacts and damage to human health, as it has toxic potential. Given the above, this study evaluated the phytotoxicity of agrochemical solutions glyphosate in different concentrations for the lettuce species Lactuca sativa Buttercrunch, considering number of germinated seeds, stem length, and root length as parameters of analysis. The concentrations of glyphosate tested were 0.001 mg. L-1; 0.1 mg. L-1; 0.5 mg. L-1; 1 mg. L-1 and 20 mg. L-1. The trial followed the procedures described by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For the statistical analysis, were considered the number of germinated seeds of each treatment and the length of the roots and stem of each of the germinated seeds, which were inserted into equations for the definition of the percentage parameters of Germination Effect (%GE), Root Growth Inhibition (%RGI) and Germination Index (%GI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test for statistically significant differences among the groups and compared by applying the Tukey Test at the level of 5% significance. The results revealed that there was 62.62% RGI and a GI of only 0.37% in treatment with glyphosate solution with concentration of 20 mg. L-1, indicating that high concentrations of the herbicide have toxic effects for the growth of lettuce species Lactuca sativa Buttercrunch. Only the concentration of 20 mg. L-1 obtained a significant difference in relation to the other concentrations evaluated, including the control treatment for the variable "root growth". Thus, for future work it is recommended that glyphosate solutions with concentrations between 1 and 20 mg. L-1 be evaluated and tested for phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

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“…Our conclusions are in agreement with Sikorski et al, who also determined that glyphosate is toxic to the non-target organism L. minor, even at low concentrations. In addition, the authors point to the absorption of glyphosate by duckweed, where after the exposure to 3 µmol•L −1 of glyphosate for seven days, glyphosate content exceeded the acceptable maximum residue level ten times [74]. Another work also points to a reduction in biomass and total chlorophyll content in L. minor after the application of Roundup ® Classic Pro (concentrations of 3.16-31.58 mmol•L −1 ).…”

Section: Duckweed Acute Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The harmful effects of glyphosate on L. minor are also reflected in photosynthesis, respiration, and pigment concentrations in connection with the oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of Our conclusions are in agreement with Sikorski et al, who also determined that glyphosate is toxic to the non-target organism L. minor, even at low concentrations. In addition, the authors point to the absorption of glyphosate by duckweed, where after the exposure to 3 µmol•L −1 of glyphosate for seven days, glyphosate content exceeded the acceptable maximum residue level ten times [74].…”

Section: Duckweed Acute Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Ecotoxicity of Herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro and Garlon New in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Tajnaiová

Vurm

Kholomyeva

et al. 2020

Plants

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Herbicides help increase agricultural yields significantly, but they may negatively impact the life of non-target organisms. Modifying the life cycle of primary producers can affect other organisms in the food chain, and consequently in the whole ecosystem. We investigated the effect of common herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro (active substance glyphosate) and Garlon New (triclopyr and fluroxypyr) on aquatic organisms duckweed Lemna minor and green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, and on the enzymatic activity of soil. We also compared the effects of Roundup® Classic Pro to that of a metabolite of its active substance, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The results of an algal growth test showed that AMPA has a 1.5× weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of D. subspicatus than the Roundup formula, and the strongest growth inhibition was caused by Garlon New (IC50Roundup = 267.3 µg/L, IC50Garlon = 21.0 µg/L, IC50AMPA = 117.8 mg/L). The results of the duckweed growth inhibition test revealed that Roundup and Garlon New caused 100% growth inhibition of L. minor even at significantly lower concentrations than the ready-to-use concentration. The total chlorophyll content in the fronds was lowest when Garlon New was used. The highest dehydrogenase activity was observed in soil treated with Garlon New, and the lowest in soil treated with Roundup® Classic Pro. The results of this study showed that all three tested substances were ecotoxic to the tested organisms.

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The effects of glyphosate-based herbicide formulations on Lemna minor, a non-target species

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain—An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans

The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain—An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans

Glyphosate concentration and phytotoxicity in Lactuca sativa Buttercrunch

Determination of the Ecotoxicity of Herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro and Garlon New in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

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