The effects of governance modes on the energy matrix of Andean countries

Fontaine, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.064

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Energy subsidies remained among the highest in the world [15] (having been strengthened during the previous neoliberal period), which inter alia has led to the transport sector becoming the fastest growing sector of the economy in terms of energy consumption [34]. Despite the sustainability aspirations of the reforms, Ecuador both exports crude oil and imports fossil fuels [35].…”

Section: Energy and The Ecuadorian Political-economic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative energy visioning under conditions of illiberal democracy: results and recommendations from Ecuador

2018

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Background: Sociotechnical transitions require pressure to be exerted from inside or outside of the prevailing 'regime', without which various path dependencies combine to maintain the status quo. Change agents including policy entrepreneurs within the regime, or civil society voices outside, can be sources of such pressure. However, in illiberal democracies or authoritarian regimes, these voices may be little heard or even suppressed. With the premise that this situation calls for protected transition spaces for policy development that are outside of formal institutions, so that policy windows may be taken advantage of should they arise, this paper applies a transdisciplinary transition management arena (TTMA) process (Noboa and Upham, Energy Res Soc Sci 46:114-124, 2018), whereby civil society and other stakeholders can be engaged in the envisioning of new energy futures. Results: With an example of such an arena in Ecuador and presenting a rationale and design that draws on transdisciplinary research and transition management theories, problem statements, visions and strategies for a more decentralised energy system were set out, as generated by participants from government, NGOs, business and academia. The visioning process was evaluated and an analytical framework is proposed, by which to guide energy transition policy analysis in similar contexts in the future. Conclusions: Although compromised in illiberal democracies, sociotechnical transitions benefit from the voices of change agents through the building of new alternative discourses, stimulating policy entrepreneurship and crafting readiness for policy windows. The new alternative energy visions that were produced by participants in the process described here emphasise distributed renewable and sustainable generation, decentralised decision-making at subnational level, participatory energy planning governance and heterogeneous poly-technological solutions at small and medium scales.

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Section: Energy and The Ecuadorian Political-economic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative energy visioning under conditions of illiberal democracy: results and recommendations from Ecuador

2018

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“…Todos estos elementos, interactúan entre sí en todas las fases del proceso económico, permitiendo identificar la estrecha relación entre la tecnología, el crecimiento de la actividad económica y la disponibilidad de recursos energéticos. Estos elementos conjuntamente constituyen la denominada "matriz energética" y caracterizan el nivel de oferta y demanda de las economías [4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pronóstico de la demanda en energía y potencia del Sistema Eléctrico Quito

Suntaxi¹,

Salazar²,

Loor³

2019

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Para la Empresa Eléctrica Quito identificar el comportamiento futuro de sus variables de demanda de energía constituye una acción fundamental, ya que, a partir de esta, la empresa planifica su inversión en infraestructura eléctrica. Para atender a esta problemática, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo pronosticar la demanda en energía y potencia del Sistema Eléctrico Quito en el mediano plazo. Para esto, se desarrolla un modelo predictivo fundamentado en la metodología Box-Jenkins. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las estructuras propuestas para modelar las series de demanda en potencia y energía (suministro y facturación) tienen un mejor ajuste que el modelo determinista utilizado actualmente por la empresa.

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“…In this region, people live with a high economic dependence on natural resources, such as oil and mining. Foreign investment is mainly concentrated in such sectors, while rural-related activities are mostly abandoned [27]. For that reason, the population is concentrated in major cities and their suburbs, while 78% of the territory has a density lower than 50 inhabitants/km 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the countries in the region have made significant efforts to extend access to electricity within their territories, increasing between 1990 and 2012 from 67.0% to 90.5% in Bolivia, from 89.0% to 97.2% in Ecuador, from 69.0% to 91.2% in Peru and from 98.0% to almost 100.0% in Venezuela [28]. However, according to Fontaine [27], the abundance in fossil fuels, and consequently their low cost of opportunity, has a significant influence in delaying the transition of the energy matrix into renewable energy-based technologies. Therefore, rural electrification based in renewable energy represents a particular challenge in these countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable microgrid projects for autonomous small-scale electrification in Andean countries

López-González

Domenech

Gómez-Hernández

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Nowadays, 84% of the world population without access to electricity is located in rural areas of developing countries. In particular, in the Andean countries, about 10.4 million people lack of access to electricity, mainly in isolated poor regions. Considering the relevance of electricity in overcoming poverty and promoting socioeconomic development, local-regional-national governments, supported by international organizations, are making efforts to achieve full rural electrification. In this regard, renewable microgrid projects are an effective alternative where the national grid extension has limitations. The literature on the design of such projects is significant. However, when evaluating experiences, most works focus on an analysis of projects’ performance from a technical and/or economical point of view. In contrast, very few literature has been reported on the comparison of such experiences from the perspective of the design process itself and how decisions are taken by project developers. In this article, five rural electrification experiences in Andean Countries (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) are reviewed, analyzing the decisions taken across the design process and showing the suitability of these technologies to extend access to electricity. In the target projects, first, a preliminary analysis is carried out to estimate the energy resources and demand. Next, the system is designed and implemented to meet the demand using the available resources. The five projects illustrate different options for the electrical generation (single, hybrid or combination of technologies), storage (battery or diesel backup) and distribution (microgrid or individual systems), as well as different methods for data gathering and systems design. In addition, a comparison of projects’ real behavior is carried out and their technical performance in terms of energy production and suitability of the technologies implemented is analyzed. These projects can be a good reference for the dissemination of such technologies in future projects in the Andean countries and abroad.Postprint (author's final draft

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The effects of governance modes on the energy matrix of Andean countries

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Collaborative energy visioning under conditions of illiberal democracy: results and recommendations from Ecuador

Collaborative energy visioning under conditions of illiberal democracy: results and recommendations from Ecuador

Pronóstico de la demanda en energía y potencia del Sistema Eléctrico Quito

Renewable microgrid projects for autonomous small-scale electrification in Andean countries

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