The effects of grazing or cutting a perennial ryegrass and white clover sward on the microflora of the soil

Hall, D. M.; Grossbard, Erna

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(72)90012-0

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

1972

DOI: 10.1016/0038-0717(72)90012-0

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The effects of grazing or cutting a perennial ryegrass and white clover sward on the microflora of the soil

D. M. Hall

Erna Grossbard

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1973

1981

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Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Received March 5, 1973. • Research Assistant, Assistant Professors, and Professor of Agronomy, respectively, Texas A&M University, Soil and Crop Sciences Department, College Station, Texas 77843. 3 D. P. Martin, 1970. The composition of turfgrass thatch and the influence of several materials to increase thatch decomposition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crown and stem tissues of grasses are considerably higher in lignin than the leaves. 3 The purpose of the investigation herein was to determine the effects of fertility, fungicides, and clippings on thatch accumulation in a 'Tifgreen' bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] putting green.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Further investigation was made of Martin's conclusion that clippings do not contribute to longterm thatch accumulation. 3 Fungicides were included in the study because they are known to reduce fungal populations in the soil and may affect the rate at which thatch is decomposed (1,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹

Meinhold¹,

Duble²,

Weaver³

et al. 1973

Agronomy Journal

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Thatch accumulation and decomposition in a ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] putting green was studied in relation to fertility, fungicides, and clipping management. The effects of these practices were evaluated by measuring total thatch accumulation, lignin content of thatch, and soil microbial activity.Two sources of N, (NH4)2SO4 and activated sewage sludge (Milorganite), were applied at rates 0.25 and 0.75 kg/100 m2 every 2 weeks. Potassium was applied at two rates, 0 and 0.75 kg/100 m2, to each N treatment at 4‐week intervals. Fungicide treatments consisted of 0.18 kg/100 m2 of Manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (Fore) and 0.12 kg/100 m2 of Tetramethythiuram disulfide (Tersan OM) applied alternately at 2‐week intervals. For the clipping management treatments, grass clippings were collected from some plots and left on others during each mowing.The high level of N increased thatch accumulation 30% and lignin content 15% and decreased microbial activity 6% as compared to the low level of N. The Milorganite treatments decreased thatch accumulation and lignin 12% and increased microbial activity 3% as compared to the (NH4)2SO4 treatments. Differences may largely explained by influence of N on growth rates. Application of K had no influence on any of the parameters measured. Fungicide treatments decreased thatch accumulation 16% and lignin content 20% and increased microbial activity 30%; these treatments may have inhibited plant growth. Clipping residue treatments increased lignin 7% and decreased microbial activity 7% as compared to a control. This study suggests that the use of a slow‐release N fertilizer applied at a level that maintains acceptable aesthetic turf quality may reduce thatch accumulation, whereas high rates of soluble N fertilizers accelerate thatch accumulation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹

Meinhold¹,

Duble²,

Weaver³

et al. 1973

Agronomy Journal

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The effect of seven substituted urea herbicides on the soil microflora

Grossbard

Marsh

1974

Pestic. Sci.

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Chloroxuron, diuron, fluometuron, metobromuron and monuron added to soil at 500 parts/million a.i. on a dry weight basis caused an initial stimulation of COz production, followed by indications of inhibition. Nitrification was clearly inhibited, particularly by monuron and metobromuron.Metoxuron at 5 and 50 parts/million a.i. had no effect on CO, output and nitrification, but at 500 parts/million a.i. both were greatly reduced. Numbers of fungal propagules were temporarily lower at 50 parts/million a.i., and severely curtailed at 500 parts/million a.i. but total counts of bacterial propagules were greatly increased.Linuron had an inhibitory effect on CO, evolution at 500 parts/million a.i. but this varied in extent and duration; some reduction was also found at 50 parts/ million a.i. At 500 partslmillion a.i. there was no effect on mineralisation of N but in soil supplemented with ammonium sulphate nitrification was reduced. Changes in microbial equilibrium occurred, but were less marked than with metoxuron. Cellulose decomposition was also reduced. Small amounts of 3,4dichloroaniline were found in linuron-treated soils, but microbial activities were not affected when 5 parts/million 3,4-dichloroaniline was added to the soil. However, at 140 parts/million microbial activities were affected adversely, but in a different pattern to that for linuron; nitrification was severely reduced, but numbers of fungal propagules were hardly affected, suggesting that the effects observed in linuron-treated soil were not due to this metabolite.

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Microbial and Microarthropod Detrital Processing in a Prairie Soil

Lussenhop

1981

Ecology

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Spring burning and raking were used to increase detrital productivity relative to undisturbed plots in a Wisconsin prairie soil (Mollic Hapludalf). Relative changes in fungal hyphae and microarthropod density were determined 3, 7, and 28 wk after treatment; percent carbon, particulate organic matter, and bacterial density were determined after 28 wk. Significant effects 28 wk after burning were disappearance of 30% of fine particulate organic matter, microarthropod density increase due to vertical migration, and increased particulate organic matter ingestion by oribatid mites. Twenty—eight weeks after raking, significant effects included 7% soil carbon loss and disappearance of 57% of fine particulate organic matter, and 25% of the fungal hyphae. In raked plots, bacterial cell density was 21% greater than in other treatments; microarthropod density increased through reproduction and vertical migration. These result demonstrate that (1) increased plant productivity speeds processing of plant material by fungi and orbatid mites, (2) physical disturbance of the soil more strongly increases processing of plant material and dead hyphae by bacteria, as well as orbatid, prostigmatid, as astigmatid mites (3) root growth is least where processing rate is greatest. Significant increases in proportions of orbatids and Collembola with empty guts in November suggest that in grasslands, resources may limit detritivores in fall.

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The effects of grazing or cutting a perennial ryegrass and white clover sward on the microflora of the soil

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹

The effect of seven substituted urea herbicides on the soil microflora

Microbial and Microarthropod Detrital Processing in a Prairie Soil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effects of grazing or cutting a perennial ryegrass and white clover sward on the microflora of the soil

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management1

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management1

The effect of seven substituted urea herbicides on the soil microflora

Microbial and Microarthropod Detrital Processing in a Prairie Soil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management¹