The Effects of Group Counseling on the Self Concepts of Counselor Candidates

Wirt, Michael; Betz, Robert L.; Engle, Kenneth B.

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1969.tb01326.x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[evident is] the incongruency between the desired end of selfunderstanding for people who will work intimately with others and the ethical prohibition of coercing people into a counseling experience which may or may not prove beneficial. (Bonney & Gazda, 1966, p. 271) Notwithstanding ethical concerns, the rather extensive research on process groups failed to substantiate the efficacy of the groups vis-a-vis the trainee's counseling function (Foreman, 1967;Gazda & Ohlsen, 1961;McKinnon, 1969;Myrick & Pare, 1971;Reddy, 1970;Seegars & McDonald, 1963;Tate, 1973;Wirt, Betz, & Engle, 1969;Woody, 1971). Numerous methodological problems, however, marred the conclusiveness of these early studies.…”

Section: Interpersonal Process Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Supervision: Widely Practiced But Poorly Understood

Holloway

Johnston²

1985

Couns Edu & Supervision

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The group supervision literature in counselor training from 1960 to 1983 was reviewed. Only those articles pertaining to supervised groups of counselor trainees participating in individual counseling practica were included. Descriptions of group supervision included elements of case presentation, didactic information, and interpersonal process. Because of the paucity of research in group supervision, practices are based on intuitive common sense approaches.

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Section: Interpersonal Process Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Supervision: Widely Practiced But Poorly Understood

Holloway

Johnston²

1985

Couns Edu & Supervision

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“…Although no conclusive evidence exists as to precisely how much time is necessary to achieve personality or behavior change (25 hours versus 40 hours, etc. ), the literature seems to concur that 12 1/2 hours is undoubtedly insufficient (Ritter, 1978b;Wirt, Betz, & Engle, 1969).…”

Section: Training Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Personality characteristics, training methods, and counseling effectiveness

Ritter¹

1984

The Journal for Specialists in Group Work

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“…Some studies have failed to obtain significant results because of not enough group contact time (Kimball & Gelso, 1974;Wirt, Betz, & Engle, 1969). The groups discussed here met for approximately forty hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Growth Groups and the Personal Orientation Inventory

Ritter¹

1977

Group & Organization Studies

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The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) is frequently used to measure changes that have occurred in participants as a result of an encounteror growth-group experience. The positive results from many studies led this author to attempt to explain possible reasons why some of the groups she has facilitated have failed to demonstrate significant gains as reflected on the POI. The nine groups discussed were held at three different educational institutions; the participants were students in master's degree programs in counseling. The pseudo-self-actualizing tendency of counseling students is explored, and rationale is presented as to why the POI should be used with other instruments-if it is used at all-to measure group change in this population.In an effort to determine if any changes were occurring in the members of the groups I facilitated, several years ago I began administering Shostrom's (1974) Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) at the beginning and end of randomly selected groups. As results accumulated, contradictions became apparent. My findings were not consistent with each other, nor were they in agreement with what I was reading in the literature. This paper discusses briefly what others have found regarding the use of the POI in groups, shares my findings, and attempts to reconcile, or at least bring into perspective, the contradictions.In a recent (1976) review of studies that used the POI to measure participant change in growth groups, Knapp and Shostrom summarized by stating:Significant differences have been obtained in most instances between pre-and post-treatment administrations of the POI and, in aggregate, present a very uniform picture of increased self-actualizing as measured by the

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The Effects of Group Counseling on the Self Concepts of Counselor Candidates

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Group Supervision: Widely Practiced But Poorly Understood

Group Supervision: Widely Practiced But Poorly Understood

Personality characteristics, training methods, and counseling effectiveness

Growth Groups and the Personal Orientation Inventory

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