The Effects of Growth Hormone and Corticotrophin Upon the Adrenal Weight and Adrenocortical Mitotic Activity in the Hypophysectomized Rat

Cater, D. B.; Stack-Dunne, M. P.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0120174

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, during this period, the adre nal is relatively insensitive to ACTH. This adrenal refracbeen shown to increase adrenal sensitivity [5], and the adrenals of hypophysectomized adult animals are refrac tory to stimulation by ACTH [6], AC'TH has trophic ef fects at the level of the adrenal, including an up-regulation of its own receptors [7], and an increase in the activity of enzymes involved in the steroidogenic pathway [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the ACTH Stress Response in the Infant Rat

et al. 1993

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Prolonged maternal deprivation during early ontogeny results in increased basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels. In the following experiments we examined whether these increases were due, at least in part, to augmented ACTH secretion. Thus, ACTH levels were measured in 24-hour maternally deprived and nondeprived 6-, 9-, and 12-day-old pups exposed to a mild stressor (i.e. saline injection followed by placement in a novel environment at room temperature). The results showed: (1) nondeprived pups showed a small response to saline – the response of deprived pups, however, was greater than that of nondeprived pups; (2) the magnitude of the response increased with age; (3) ACTH levels remained elevated for at least 30 min. Subsequent experiments examined whether the continuous exposure to novelty and/or loss of body heat could explain the persistence of this response. Neither variable affected the ACTH response to saline. Our results indicate that factors of maternal origin are partly responsible for the regulation of the ACTH response to stress. Furthermore, the persistence of the response suggests that the negative feedback system in the infant is immature.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the ACTH Stress Response in the Infant Rat

et al. 1993

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“…The possibility that such a factor may act on adrenocortical cells in vivo is supported by a number of experiments demonstrating growth in response to factors other than ACTH. Growth hormone has been implicated as an adrenal growth stimulator (41) and an adrenal weight-maintaining factor distinct from ACTH was demonstrated in patients with Cushing's syndrome (42). In addition, neural stimulation of the adrenal results in growth by an ACTH-independent mechanism (43,44).…”

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Hormonal Control of Adrenocortical Cell Proliferation

Hornsby¹,

Gill²

1977

J. Clin. Invest.

122

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A B S T R A C T A primary bovine adrenocortical cell culture system responsive to physiological concentrations of ACTH has been established. When added to cultures, ACTH inhibited DNA synthesis and cell division over the same concentration range required for stimulation of fluorogenic steroid production (0.01-10 nM). With chronic exposure to ACTH, cells became desensitized to the growth inhibitory effects of ACTH. Though cell growth was initially completely inhibited by ACTH, cells ultimately began to grow in its continued presence. The lag time to initiation of cell growth, the rate of growth, and the final density achieved depended on the ACTH concentration. Desensitization to ACTH1_39 was not induced by monobutyryl cyclic AMP nor by ACTH11-24. Specificity of desensitization was apparent because cells which had become desensitized to ACTH1_39 remained fully responsive to monobutyryl cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1, and cholera toxin. Though the effects of ACTH on cell growth were readily reversible upon hormone removal, the desensitized response to readdition of ACTH persisted for at least 8 h.

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“…Growth hormone has previously been shown to increase the mitotic index [38] and DNA content [4] of the adrenal gland, while maintaining the RNA/DNA ratio normal; it has been proposed that this growth may be mediated by somatomedins [8]. Cater and Stack-Dunne [6] have demonstrated that the action of GH on the adrenal is characterized by a striking stimulation of cell division with relatively little effect on adrenal weight. Zieleniewski [40] has reported that GH stimulates the regeneration process after adrenal enucleation in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA Offprint requests to: A. Lewifiski, MD (address see above) fibroblast growth factor (FGF), or angiotensin II has been well documented (for review see [10]), however, ACTH can exert both mitogenic effect when applied in vivo [14,19] and antimitotic action in cell [13,20] and organ culture (Sewerynek et al, unpublished observations) of the adrenals. In some other studies the role of prolactin (Prl) [3] and growth hormone (GH) [4,6], as the stimulators of adrenal growth, has been reported. The specific Prl-binding sites in the mouse adrenal have been shown [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulatory effect of prolactin on the mitotic activity of the adrenal cortex in snell mice with hereditary dwarfism

Lewiński¹,

Sewerynek²,

Webb

et al. 1988

Res. Exp. Med.

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Effects of thyrotropin (TSH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl), and ACTH on the proliferation of adrenocortical cells in male Snell dwarf mice and in phenotypically normal male mice from the same strain were examined by means of the colchicine metaphase-arrest technique. After 6 days of treatment, ACTH increased significantly the mean mitotic activity rate (MMAR) of adrenocortical cells in both the normal (nondwarf) and dwarf mice as compared to the corresponding control groups receiving physiologic saline. None of the remaining examined pituitary hormones did exert a mitogenic action on the adrenal cortex of normal mice. It was, however, recorded the significant elevation of the MMAR of the adrenocortical cells in Prl-treated Snell dwarf mice, while TSH and GH did not stimulate mitogenesis. The acquired data corroborates a well-known proliferogenic effect of ACTH on the adrenal cortex in vivo. The increase of the MMAR of the adrenal cortex of Snell dwarfs following Prl-treatment is in agreement with earlier reports.

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The Effects of Growth Hormone and Corticotrophin Upon the Adrenal Weight and Adrenocortical Mitotic Activity in the Hypophysectomized Rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the ACTH Stress Response in the Infant Rat

Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the ACTH Stress Response in the Infant Rat

Hormonal Control of Adrenocortical Cell Proliferation

Stimulatory effect of prolactin on the mitotic activity of the adrenal cortex in snell mice with hereditary dwarfism

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