The effects of H<sup>+</sup> upon the gills of freshwater fish

McDonald, Donald G.

doi:10.1139/z83-093

Cited by 242 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…The extent of net acidification or alkalization depends on inspired water pH and its buffering capacity. In acidic water ( Figure 8B), H + ions reduce the active uptake of Na and Cl, and increase their passive effluxes, possibly by displacing Ca from tight junctions (McDonald, 1983;Freda et al, 1991). Transfers of O 2 and CO 2 are unaffected by acidity alone.…”

Section: Model Representing Al Interactions At Fish Gillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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ABSTRACT:In this article we review the biological effects of Al, primarily with respect to the chemical factors controlling Al bioavailability and toxicity, and how its biological effects are best predicted. Our intent is not to duplicate recent reviews on Al chemistry or toxicity, but rather to update the literature since these reviews were published, and to focus on Al speciation and other external chemical influences on Al bioavailability to freshwater biota. Briefly, we first review Al chemistry, with a specific focus on understanding, as well as measuring, Al chemical species of importance to aquatic biota. Next we more comprehensively review Al toxicity and bioavailability to freshwater algae, with a thorough analysis of the relationships between speciation and toxicity, the role of important chemical complexing agents such as P, Si, and organic carbon, as well as the potential for Al to impact algal community structure. A third section reviews the more sparse literature on aquatic higher plants; the fourth section reviews a somewhat more abundant literature of Al toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. We close with an updated review of Al toxicity to fish, again with a focus on mechanisms of toxicity, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.

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Section: Model Representing Al Interactions At Fish Gillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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“…Furthermore, they are involved in osmorregulation (Gonzales and McDonald, 1992;Flik and Verbost, 1993;Romão et al, 2001;Verbost et al, 1994), acid-base balance (Epstein et al, 1980;Evans et al, 1982;Lin and Randall, 1991;McDonald et al, 1991;Goss et al, 1992), excretion of nitrogenous compounds (Goldstein, 1982;Evans and Cameron, 1986;Sayer and Davenport, 1987), and taste (Hughes, 1982;Rios and Fanta, 1998). Organic Pesticides (Davis and Wedemeyer, 1971;Rao and Rao, 1981;Mallatt, 1985;Evans, 1987;Laurent and Perry, 1991;Nowak, 1992;Wendelaar Bonga and Lock, 1992), detergents (Schimid and Mann, 1961;Abel, 1976;Bolis and Rankin, 1980), acids (Daye and Garside, 1980;McDonald, 1983;Kawall, 1993), salts (Hossler, 1980;Luvizotto, 1994;Fanta et al, 1995), industrial waste (Mitz and Giesy, 1985;Stoker et al, 1985;Lindesjöö and Thulin, 1994), ammonia (Smart, 1976;Arillo et al, 1979;Soderberg et al, 1984) and heavy metals (Skidmore, 1970;Matthiessen and Brafield, 1973;Lock and ...…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of the organophosphorous methyl parathion on the branchial epithelium of a freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti

Machado

Fanta

2003

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Gills are vital structures for fish, since they are the main site for gaseous exchange as well as partially responsible for osmorregulation, acid-basic balance, excretion of nitrogenous compounds and taste. Chemicals in the water may alter the morphology of branchial cells of fish that are, therefore, a useful model for environmental impact and ecotoxicology studies. In order to investigate the effects of an organophosphorous compound, methyl parathion, on the gills of the fish, samples of Metynnis roosevelti were exposed to lethal (7ppm) and sublethal (1ppm) doses of Mentox 600 CE. Through light and scanning electron microscopy, shrinking of the branchial epithelium, followed by detachment and hyperplasia were observed. Externally, the branchial filaments presented the gradual disappearance of microridges. Even in sublethal doses, the organophosphorous reduced the health and fitness of these fish, as consequence of secondary effects derived from changes in the branchial epithelium, impairing oxygenation and ionic balance of the organism.
As brânquias são estruturas vitais para peixes, pois são o principal local de trocas gasosas, assim como parcialmente responsáveis pela osmorregulação, pelo equilíbrio ácido-básico, pela excreção de compostos nitrogenados e pela gustação. Compostos químicos na água podem alterar a morfologia das células branquiais de peixes, que se constituem, dessa forma, em um útil modelo para estudos de impacto ambiental. Visando investigar os efeitos de um composto organofosforado, o metil paration, em brânquias de peixes, exemplares de Metynnis roosevelti foram expostos a doses letais (7ppm) e subletais (1ppm) de Mentox 600 CE. Observações em microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura evidenciaram enrugamento do epitélio branquial, seguido por descolamento e hiperplasia. Externamente, os filamentos branquiais apresentaram desaparecimento gradual das microssaliências. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo em doses subletais, o organofosforado poderá levar o animal a sofrer conseqüências secundárias decorrentes das alterações da superfície de trocas gasosas e iônicas

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“…The benefit of mucus to the stressed fish might depend on the mucus being a barrier to ions and water, its being polyanionic and concentrating cations, or its specific binding of calcium, which is important for maintenance of permeability control (see review by McDonald 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes on Gills of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Hawkins

Overstreet

Provancha

1984

GCR

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EFFECTS OF SPACE SHUTTLE EXHAUST PLUMES ON GILLS OF SOMEABSTRACT The first few launches of the space shuttle resulted in fish kills in a lagoon near the launch site. To study this phenomenon further, sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed to the exhausl plume in buckets placed near the launch site. An open bucket provided a full exposure, a partly closed one provided an intermediate exposure, and a closed one was the control. Three h after launch, the pH of the water from the full exposure had decreased from about 7 to about 3, Al and Fe levels had increased, and some fish had died. Gills of most fishes from full exposures and some from intermediate exposures were damaged. Gills, however, exhibited no aneurysms, mucus coagulation, or hemorrhaging. Some secondary lamellae swelled, some fused with adjacent lamellae, and others clubbed or retracted into the filament. Many lamellar pavement cells died and sloughed off. Mucous cells of intermediate exposure specimens bulged on the filament surface and pavement cells lost their microridges. Mineral deposits, probably aluminum oxide, occurred on gills of fishes from full exposures. Focally, pavement cells were eroded exposing the underlying structures. The sudden pH drop in the full exposures probably caused the gill damage. However, we could not determine the effect of previous exposure on the experimental fish, or whether gill damage was the lethal lesion. The possibility is indicated that some fish recover after exposure to the exhaust plume.

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The effects of H⁺ upon the gills of freshwater fish

Cited by 242 publications

References 64 publications

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Effects of the organophosphorous methyl parathion on the branchial epithelium of a freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti

Effects of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes on Gills of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

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The effects of H+ upon the gills of freshwater fish

Cited by 242 publications

References 64 publications

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Effects of the organophosphorous methyl parathion on the branchial epithelium of a freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti

Effects of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes on Gills of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

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The effects of H⁺ upon the gills of freshwater fish