The Effects of Herbivory on Paternal Fitness in Scarlet Gilia: Better Moms Also Make Better Pops

Gronemeyer, Peg; Dilger, Brian J.; Bouzat, Juan L.; Paige, Ken N.

doi:10.1086/286083

Cited by 65 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As in previous studies of I. aggregata, we found that simulated herbivory delayed flowering, increased branch production, reduced the height of flowering plants, decreased flower and fruit production, and decreased corolla width (e.g., Bergelson and Crawley 1992;Gronemeyer et al 1997;Juenger and Bergelson 2000). Our work also revealed that herbivory affected nectar traits important for pollination, which is heretofore undocumented in I. aggregata.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Additive effects of herbivory, nectar robbing and seed predation on male and female fitness estimates of the host plant Ipomopsis aggregata

Irwin

Brody

2011

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many antagonistic species attack plants and consume specific plant parts. Understanding how these antagonists affect plant fitness individually and in combination is an important research focus in ecology and evolution. We examined the individual and combined effects of herbivory, nectar robbing, and pre-dispersal seed predation on male and female estimates of fitness in the host plant Ipomopsis aggregata. By examining the effects of antagonists on plant traits, we were able to tease apart the direct consumptive effects of antagonists versus the indirect effects mediated through changes in traits important to pollination. In a three-way factorial field experiment, we manipulated herbivory, nectar robbing, and seed predation. Herbivory and seed predation reduced some male and female fitness estimates, whereas plants tolerated the effects of robbing. The effects of herbivory, robbing, and seed predation were primarily additive, and we found little evidence for non-additive effects of multiple antagonists on plant reproduction. Herbivory affected plant reproduction through both direct consumptive effects and indirectly through changes in traits important to pollination (i.e., nectar and phenological traits). Conversely, seed predators primarily had direct consumptive effects on plants. Our results suggest that the effects of multiple antagonists on estimates of plant fitness can be additive, and investigating which traits respond to damage can provide insight into how antagonists shape plant performance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Additive effects of herbivory, nectar robbing and seed predation on male and female fitness estimates of the host plant Ipomopsis aggregata

Irwin

Brody

2011

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More generally, any compensatory response to damage by a seed-feeding herbivore that involves producing additional inflorescences might, depending on the timing of damage, lead to greater compensation through the paternal, as compared to the maternal, contribution to fitness (e.g., Paige et al 2001). The effect of herbivory on the maternal and paternal contributions to plant fitness have only rarely been examined, but the data suggest that compensatory responses through male and female function can be either similar (Gronemeyer et al 1997 or variable (Paige et al 2001).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation for Herbivory in Wild Sunflower: Response to Simulated Damage by the Head-Clipping Weevil

Pilson

Decker

2002

Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Herbivore damage is generally detrimental to plant fitness, and the evolutionary response of plant populations to damage can involve either increased resistance or increased tolerance. While characters that contribute to resistance, such as secondary chemicals and trichomes, are relatively well understood, characters that contribute to a plant's ability to tolerate damage have received much less attention. Using Helianthus annuus (wild sunflower) and simulated damage of Haplorhynchites aeneus (head-clipping weevil) as a model system, we examined morphological characters and developmental processes that contribute to compensatory ability. We performed a factorial experiment that included three levels of damage (none, the first two, or the first four inflorescences were clipped with scissors) and eight sires each mated to four dams. We found that plants compensated fully for simulated head-clipper damage and that there was no variation among plant families in compensatory ability: seed production and mean seed mass did not vary among treatments, and sire ϫ treatment interactions were not significant. Plants used four mechanisms to compensate for damage: (1) Clipped plants produced significantly more inflorescences than unclipped plants. Plants produced these additional inflorescences on higher order branches at the end of the flowering season. (2) Clipped plants filled significantly more seeds in their remaining heads than did unclipped plants. (3) Clipped plants, because they effectively flowered later than unclipped plants, were less susceptible to damage by seedfeeding herbivores other than Haplorhynchites. (4) In later heads, seed size was greater on clipped plants, which allowed mean seed size to be maintained in clipped plants. Although there was genetic variation among the families used in this experiment for most of the characters associated with compensation for damage (seed number, mean seed size, mean flowering date, length of the flowering period, and branching morphology), in analyses of these characters, no sire ϫ treatment interactions were significant indicating that all of the families relied on similar mechanisms to compensate for damage.

show abstract

“…This assumption has been challenged by the grazing optimization hypothesis, which states that herbivores can enhance plant primary production (McNaughton 1979;Hilbert et al 1981;Dyer et al 1986): primary production can increase with low grazing intensity and reach an optimum at intermediate grazing, before production decreases again when grazing intensity becomes too high. Several authors have gone further and have suggested that grazing optimization can lead to mutualistic interactions between plants and their herbivores (Owen andWiegert 1981, 1982;Petelle 1982;Vail 1992), based on a few studies that show a positive effect of herbivory on plant fitness (Paige and Whitham 1987; but see Bergelson and Crawley 1992;Paige 1992;Gronemeyer et al 1997;Lennartsson et al 1997Lennartsson et al , 1998. Such a claim has attracted a lot of criticism (Silvertown 1982;Belsky et al 1993;Mathews 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing Optimization, Nutrient Cycling, and Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Herbivore Interactions: Should a Palatable Plant Evolve?

Mazancourt

Loreau

2000

Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Can the evolution of plant defense lead to an optimal primary production? In a general theoretical model, Loreau (1995) and de Mazancourt et al. (1998de Mazancourt et al. ( , 1999 have shown that herbivory could increase primary production up to a moderate rate of grazing intensity through recycling of a limiting nutrient, provided several conditions are fulfilled. In the present paper, we assume: (1) grazing intensity is controlled by plants through their level of palatability; and (2) plant fitness is determined by its productivity. We explore the conditions under which such an optimal production may be reached through natural selection. We model two competing plant types that differ only in palatability and are distributed in a patchy landscape determined by the plant-herbivore interaction. Patch size is determined by herbivore behavior: herbivores recycle nutrient homogeneously within patches, but recycle nutrient proportionally to consumption between patches. The model shows that a strategy of intermediate palatability can be adaptive in response to a small herbivore that lives on and recycles nutrient around one or a few individual plants. For moderately small herbivores, plant palatability may evolve towards one of two local convergent strategies, depending on the initial conditions. For medium-to large-sized herbivores, the nonpalatable strategy is always selected. We discuss the functional and evolutionary implications of these results, and suggest that the traditional dichotomy describing antagonistic and mutualistic interactions may be misleading.Key words. Antagonism, grazing optimization, group selection, indirect effect, maximum power principle, mutualism, patchy environment, plant defense, plant palatability, primary production, spatial heterogeneity.Received August 5, 1998. Accepted July 12, 1999 Can plant-herbivore interaction be mutualistic? Plant-herbivore interactions have traditionally been considered antagonistic because herbivores have a negative direct effect on plants through biomass consumption. This assumption has been challenged by the grazing optimization hypothesis, which states that herbivores can enhance plant primary production (McNaughton 1979;Hilbert et al. 1981;Dyer et al. 1986): primary production can increase with low grazing intensity and reach an optimum at intermediate grazing, before production decreases again when grazing intensity becomes too high. Several authors have gone further and have suggested that grazing optimization can lead to mutualistic interactions between plants and their herbivores (Owen andWiegert 1981, 1982;Petelle 1982;Vail 1992), based on a few studies that show a positive effect of herbivory on plant fitness (Paige and Whitham 1987; but see Bergelson and Crawley 1992;Paige 1992;Gronemeyer et al. 1997;Lennartsson et al. 1997Lennartsson et al. , 1998. Such a claim has attracted a lot of criticism (Silvertown 1982;Belsky et al. 1993;Mathews 1994). According to Belsky et al. (1993), no plausible explanation of a real benefit for the individu...

show abstract

The Effects of Herbivory on Paternal Fitness in Scarlet Gilia: Better Moms Also Make Better Pops

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Additive effects of herbivory, nectar robbing and seed predation on male and female fitness estimates of the host plant Ipomopsis aggregata

Additive effects of herbivory, nectar robbing and seed predation on male and female fitness estimates of the host plant Ipomopsis aggregata

Compensation for Herbivory in Wild Sunflower: Response to Simulated Damage by the Head-Clipping Weevil

Grazing Optimization, Nutrient Cycling, and Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Herbivore Interactions: Should a Palatable Plant Evolve?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About