The Effects of High School Counseling Experience and Attitudes Toward Women's Roles on Traditional or Nontraditional Career Choice

Nontraditional Occupations: A Study of Women Who Have Made the Choice

“…Walshok (1981)reported findings similar to ours: Men and women selected blue-collar jobs for many of the same personal reasons (i.e., the need to feel competent, the need to make a contribution, and the need to feel necessary and productive). Consistent with findings of other studies of women's choice of nontraditional careers (Sauter, Seidl, & Karbon, 1980), the women in our study tended to hold strong views of sex role equality, which were reflected in the high frequency of "philosophical and personal" reasons given for their choices. As one respondent put it, "I wanted to prove that women are capable of doing the same work as men."…”

Characteristics and Predictive Dimensions of Women Who Make Nontraditional Vocational Choices

“…These same role models might act as mentors for individual career counseling and could help the college women plan careers. Sauter et al (1980) agree with both strategies. They also recommend additional teaching and counseling programs to lower sex-role stereotyping, to increase equal opportunity workstudy and internship programs for female students, and finally to heighten counselor awareness of nontraditional career opportunities for women.…”

“…Using the Sex-Role Survey (SRS) and a demographic questionnaire, Sauter, Seidle, and Karbon (1980) surveyed 40 women from traditional and nontraditional fields. The nontraditionals were more egalitarian in terms of sex-appropriate behavior and received less job opportunity and salary discussion from guidance counselors than did the traditionals.…”

Personality Change in Women Physicians from Medical Student Years to Mid-40S

“…CARTWRIGHT AND WINK cisco, School of Medicine (entering classes of 1964-1967) and who were interviewed and tested at ages 24,31, and 46. For over 20 years, research interest in women entering male-dominated occupations has focused on the choice itself and on the very early stages of career development. Classifying the personality and background attributes of such women continues to be of major interest (Auster & Auster, 1981;Chusmir, 1983;Fitzpatrick & Silverman, 1989;Lemkau, 1983;Ma-Zen & Lemkau, 1990;Sauter, Seidl, Karbon, 1980;Tangri, 1972). The identification of enabling attitudes and skills that mediate career decisions, such as self-efficacy and agency, has received considerable attention from social-learning theorists (Betz & Fitzgerald, 1987;Betz & Hackett, 1981Nevill & Schlecker, 1988).…”