The Effects of ‘Hormone’ Herbicides Upon Cereal Crops

Scragg, E. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb01027.x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This work confirmed earlier findings of Andersen (2), Large and Dillon Weston (7), and Scragg (5) that the stage of development of the tiller growing point in cereals determines the susceptibility of that tiller to growth regulating weedkillers.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When growth-regulating weedkillers were first used on cereals some plant damage in the form of morphological abnormalities, mainly of the ear., was encountered. A number of workers (2,5,6,7) related the production of these malformed heads to spraying at certain susceptible stages in the development of the embryo ear, which were themselves related to the number of expanded leaves on the main tiller. Myers (6) stated that in spring wheat and barley abnormalities were produced when MCPA or 2,4-D was applied before the 6-leaf stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Growth‐regulating Weedkillers on the Morphology of Grasses

Jeater

1958

Grass and Forage Science

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A series of experiments were carried out in 1954 and 1955 designed to investigate the effects of MCPA and 2,4-D applied at different stages of growth to grasses grown for seed. Single, spaced plants were sprayed at the rate of 1 -5 lb. a.e. per acre with 2,4-D amine in 1954 and with 2,4-D amine and ester and MCPA ester in 1955. The development of the grass growing point was used as a criterion of the developmental stages at which the plants were sprayed.Some treatments caused abnormal types of growth. S.23 perennial ryegrass and S.143 cocksfoot developed ear malformations, S.53 meadow fescue had leaf and ear malformations, while S.51 timothy showed leaf, stem and ear abnormalities.Leaf malformations developed only after spraying when the growing points showed vegetative primordia while ear abnormalities usually appeared after treatment at most early stages of development. Stem malformation in timothy occurred after spraying at all stages in 1954, but only at the vegetative stages in 1955.The percentage of abnormal ears in a random sample of tillers in all but one case fell as the growing point developed and most damage occurred after treatment when the apex was at the vegetative stage. Normally, treatment when glume ridges were visible on the apex produced no significant difference between the number of abnormal ears in the treated and untreated plots.The results suggest that the chemicals act on that part of the apex which is just beginning its development but is not yet visible as a protuberance on the apex.The type of abnormalities occurring in grasses as a result of spraying with growth regulating weedkillers is similar to those found in cereals after similar treatment.Provided that the chemicals are applied in the 4 to 5 weeks prior to ear emergence the amount of malformation occurring in the grasses will be small.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth‐regulating Weedkillers on the Morphology of Grasses

Jeater

1958

Grass and Forage Science

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“…The double seeds germinate normally but produce two seedlings. In the same way triple seeds can be formed (Scragg, 1952).…”

Section: Double Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally known that the application of phenoxy herbicides to small grains during the early growth stages, leads to abnormalities of the ear (Large & Dillon Weston, 1951;Olson, Zalik, Breakey & Brown, 1951;Scragg, 1952;Friesen & Olson, 1953;Leafe, 1959;Tottman, 1977;Cairns, 1978). Abnormalities of the growth point or apical meristem are, however, less well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of the growth point and ear of barley caused by 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid

Loubser

Cairns²

1989

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Treatment of barley plants with 2,4-0, when the main tiller apical meristemwas in the late vegetative or double ridge stage, resulted in the production of various abnormalities including missing spikes, branched spikes, whorls of spikelets and paired spikelets instead of the normal alternate arrangement, 90° turn in the plane of the spike and the production of double seeds.Bespuiting van garsplante met 2,4-0 terwyl die groeipunt van die hoofhalm in die laat vegetatiewe of dubbelrif stadium was, het aanleiding gegee tot die voorkoms van verskillende abnormaliteite. Die belangrikste misvormings sluit in ontbrekende syare, vertakte syare, saamgekoekte syare en gepaarde syare in plaas van die normale alternatiewe rangskikking, 90° draai van die vlak van die aar en die vorming van dubbelsade.

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“…Spring-applied herbicides often give unsatisfactory control of these weeds (Molberg 1971b (Robison and Fenster 1973;Freyman and Hamman 1979) or cause growth abnormalities and sometimes reduce yields (Large and Dillon Weston 1951 ;Scragg 1952) while others report no adverse effects (Fowler et al 1986;Derksen et al 1989). Metribuzin will also control broadleaved winter annual weeds in winter wheat but the degree of crop tolerance depends upon cultivar, soil type, and environmental conditions (Runyan et al 1982; Swan and Whitesides 1988 For personal use only.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%