The Effects of Hormone Treatment on Epigenetic Marks During Organogenesis in Pinus radiata D. Don Embryos

Abstract

Adventitious organogenesis from zygotic embryos is one of the most reliable techniques to propagate clonal Pinus radiata individuals. Regulation of gene expression has an important role to generate a correct caulogenic pattern, and genomic DNA methylation is amongst the main studied regulatory mechanisms in animals and plants.The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of DNA methylation and histone H4 acetylation during different cell reprogramming processes. Embryo macromorphological responses to each growth regulator were correlated to DNA methylation and acetylated H4 histone content over time. Immunodetection of 5-mdC and AcH4 in whole embryos revealed differences in the tissue depending on the growth regulator. Adventitious shoot induction by benzyladenine is associated with a DNA hypomethylation. The distribution along the tissue of the methylation signal suggests a possible inhibition of growth and elongation in the embryos. However, a hypomethylation in the cotyledons during adventitious shoot induction could indicate an active gene expression during the organogenic process. On the other hand, alteration of embryo growth induced by indole butyric acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid occurs along a wide change in DNA methylation and H4 histone acetylation content and distribution. These results show that the action of the different growth regulators is epigenetically regulated in both apical meristems.

ROS/RNS Balancing, Aerobic Fermentation Regulation and Cell Cycle Control – a Complex Early Trait (‘CoV-MAC-TED’) for Combating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cell Reprogramming

“…Rodríguez et al. ( 134 ) showed that differential action of phytohormones on the induction of new program (adventitious organogenesis) was epigenetically regulated. RAS action has also been linked to changes in the epigenome ( 135 ).…”

Insights into the Histone Acetylation-Mediated Regulation of the Transcription Factor Genes That Control the Embryogenic Transition in the Somatic Cells of Arabidopsis

“…The TSA-increased Hac is believed to result from the inhibition of the HDACs of the RPD3/HDA1 and HD2-type families, which are the targets of TSA [ 88 , 89 ]. Similar to TSA, a positive effect of auxin treatment, including 2,4-D, on the Hac level in in vitro-cultured cells and tissue has also been reported [ 25 , 90 , 91 ]. Consistent with the auxin-induced changes in the Hac level, the involvement of Hac in the auxin-induced transcriptional regulation of genes has also been demonstrated [ 92 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Exploring the crop epigenome: a comparison of DNA methylation profiling techniques

“…Access to a specific and robust 5mC antibody (commercially available) permits its successful application in immunofluorescence (IF) assays to study individual cells/tissue sections in various plant species ( Meijón et al., 2009 ; Solís et al., 2012 ; Conde et al., 2013 ; Rodríguez-Sanz et al., 2014b ; Solís et al., 2014 ; Solís et al., 2015 ; Rodríguez et al., 2016 ; Conde et al., 2017 ; Gomez-Cabellos et al., 2022 ; Silva et al., 2022 ), and by whole-mount approaches in certain organs ( She et al., 2018 ). Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analyses of immunolocalized 5mdC reveal distinctive DNA methylation distribution patterns in the nucleus linked to cell differentiation, proliferation, or reprogramming events in specific developmental programs ( Testillano and Risueño, 2016 ).…”