The effects of household assets inequality and conflict on population health in Sudan

Omer, Amel S.; Bezruchka, Stephen; Longhi, Dario; Kelly, Zane; Brown, Marsha; Hagopian, Amy

doi:10.11564/0-0-611

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tetanus immunisation coverage has been found to decrease during conflict 25. In west Darfur, protection against neonatal tetanus was shown to improve with an NGO’s enhancement of maternal, newborn and child health programme; however, improvements were not uniform, as interventions did not reach those living in remote communities, or in areas experiencing continued armed conflict or a lack of security 38. Another study in Sudan found that child vaccination coverage correlated with unequal household asset distributions, with conflict states having worse outcomes than non-conflict states 39…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival

et al. 2020

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IntroductionConflict adversely impacts health and health systems, yet its effect on health inequalities, particularly for women and children, has not been systematically studied. We examined wealth, education and urban/rural residence inequalities for child mortality and essential reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions between conflict and non-conflict low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe carried out a time-series multicountry ecological study using data for 137 LMICs between 1990 and 2017, as defined by the 2019 World Bank classification. The data set covers approximately 3.8 million surveyed mothers (15–49 years) and 1.1 million children under 5 years including newborns (<1 month), young children (1–59 months) and school-aged children and adolescents (5–14 years). Outcomes include annual maternal and child mortality rates and coverage (%) of family planning services, 1+antenatal care visit, skilled attendant at birth (SBA), exclusive breast feeding (0–5 months), early initiation of breast feeding (within 1 hour), neonatal protection against tetanus, newborn postnatal care within 2 days, 3 doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine, measles vaccination, and careseeking for pneumonia and diarrhoea.ResultsConflict countries had consistently higher maternal and child mortality rates than non-conflict countries since 1990 and these gaps persist despite rates continually declining for both groups. Access to essential reproductive and maternal health services for poorer, less educated and rural-based families was several folds worse in conflict versus non-conflict countries.ConclusionsInequalities in coverage of reproductive/maternal health and child vaccine interventions are significantly worse in conflict-affected countries. Efforts to protect maternal and child health interventions in conflict settings should target the most disadvantaged families including the poorest, least educated and those living in rural areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival

et al. 2020

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“…As macro data may suffer from the problem of aggregate bias, to better identify the causal relationship between the household wealth gap and individuals’ health, many studies have examined the impact from a micro perspective. For example, Omer et al (2014) [ 55 ] showed that wealth inequality significantly negatively affects the population’s physical health. Hong et al (2006) [ 56 ] examined the effect of household wealth inequality on children’s physical development and nutritional status using multivariate logit regression based on Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey data with a sample of 5977 children born at 0–59 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of household wealth gap on individual’s mental health

Zhang,

Feng,

Xia

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Improving the individual’s mental health is important for sustainable economic and social development. Although some studies found that household wealth gap may affect individuals’ mental health, few studies have clarified the causal relationship between household wealth gap between mental health in China. This study examines the impact of the household wealth gap on individuals’ mental health using data from the 2012–2018 China Family Panel Survey. Methods This study first used the two-way fixed effects model to investigate the impact of household wealth gap on individuals’ mental health. Considering the endogeneity, the two-stage least square and propensity score matching were employed to examine the impact of household wealth inequality on individuals’ mental health. Results The results show that the household wealth gap has negative impact on individuals’ mental health. A series of robustness tests support this conclusion. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the impact of household wealth gap on mental health is more pronounced among middle-aged and elderly individuals, residents with lower education levels, and rural residents. The results of the mechanism analysis suggest that the household wealth gap may affect individuals’ mental health by influencing the individual’s health insurance investment and neighborhood relations. In addition, the household wealth gap not only significantly negatively affects individuals’ mental health in the short term but also in the medium- to long-term. Conclusion These findings suggest that the government should take various measures to narrow the wealth inequality between families, which may effectively improve the mental health of residents.

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“…The existing literature presents various arguments, based on studies from different countries, about the negative correlation between health and income inequality ( Omer et al, 2014 ; Validova, 2022 ). In the context of China, Li et al (2015) explored the relationship between family assets and liabilities and happiness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, factors such as rising real estate prices in China ( Li and Wan, 2015 ; Wan et al, 2021 ) exacerbate wealth inequality. Moreover, health issues ( Omer et al, 2014 ) and challenges in marriage ( Coontz and Folbre, 2002 ), often developed from wealth inequality, can alter people’s behaviors and potentially harm their happiness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will wealth inequality decrease happiness?—Empirical evidence from China

Wang

2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionThis article delves into the broad social and economic impacts of wealth inequality, specifically focusing on its effects on happiness, as analyzed using micro survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS).MethodsThis article employs the panel OLS regression method with time and province fixed effects for the main result and heterogeneity analysis, then uses the mediating effect and moderating effect test for the mechanisms.Results and discussionThe article presents several key findings: 1. Impact of Wealth Inequality on Happiness. The study confirms that wealth inequality significantly reduces happiness, a conclusion reinforced by a range of consistency tests and endogeneity checks. 2. Heterogeneity Analysis. Three areas of heterogeneity are examined: Hukou status, education level, and family members’ average income. The results indicate that the happiness of families with a family head holding an urban Hukou, higher education, or a higher per-member income level is less affected by wealth inequality. 3. Mechanisms Affecting Happiness. At the micro-level, the article identifies two mediating pathways—health and marital status—through which wealth inequality negatively influences happiness. At the macro-level, it is found that social security expenditure and economic development can moderate these effects and enhance subjective happiness under the same conditions of wealth inequality. The contributions of this study are specific as: 1. This study addresses some of the existing gaps in the research regarding the relationship between wealth inequality and happiness. 2. The article utilizes relative deprivation as a measure of wealth inequality, considered a more apt metric for studying happiness compared to absolute inequality. 3. This research offers insights into the mechanisms behind the observed effects, considering both micro-level (individual and family) and macro-level (societal and economic) factors.

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The effects of household assets inequality and conflict on population health in Sudan

Abstract: We explored the effects on health of both household asset inequality and political armed conflict in Sudan

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival

Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival

The impact of household wealth gap on individual’s mental health

Will wealth inequality decrease happiness?—Empirical evidence from China

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