The Effects of Hypertension on Cerebral Artery Structure and Function, and Cerebral Blood Flow

Pires, Paulo W.; Dorrance, Anne M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25616-0_6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…23 In the presence of changes in systemic blood flow, the brain autoregulates its blood flow, which operates at a certain range of perfusion pressure. 24 If autoregulation fails, acutely or chronically, cerebral blood flow hemodynamics can eventually reach these arterioles and capillaries resulting in bloodbrain barrier dysfunction. 24 F I G U R E 4 Association of dementia and stroke with brain arterial diameters according to categories of modifiable CV risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 If autoregulation fails, acutely or chronically, cerebral blood flow hemodynamics can eventually reach these arterioles and capillaries resulting in bloodbrain barrier dysfunction. 24 F I G U R E 4 Association of dementia and stroke with brain arterial diameters according to categories of modifiable CV risk factors. Estimates were calculated for the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS, red squares), Three-City Study (blue squares), and the Rotterdam Study (green squares).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, during pregnancy, brain parenchyma arterioles undergo an increase in luminal diameter due to hemodynamics changes such as high blood volume 23 . In the presence of changes in systemic blood flow, the brain autoregulates its blood flow, which operates at a certain range of perfusion pressure 24 . If autoregulation fails, acutely or chronically, cerebral blood flow hemodynamics can eventually reach these arterioles and capillaries resulting in blood–brain barrier dysfunction 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the presence of changes in systemic blood flow, the brain autoregulates its blood flow, which operates at a certain range of perfusion pressure 24 . If autoregulation fails, acutely or chronically, cerebral blood flow hemodynamics can eventually reach these arterioles and capillaries resulting in blood–brain barrier dysfunction 24 . Such blood‐barrier dysfunction leads to extravasation of neurotoxic proteins associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic alterations, and disruption of amyloid beta clearance, which correlates to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 24 If autoregulation fails, acutely or chronically, cerebral blood flow hemodynamics can eventually reach these arterioles and capillaries resulting in blood–brain barrier dysfunction. 24 Such blood‐barrier dysfunction leads to extravasation of neurotoxic proteins associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic alterations, and disruption of amyloid beta clearance, which correlates to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. 2 At the same time, synaptic alterations might exert a deleterious effect back into the neurovascular unit, 25 possibly potentiating further neurovascular degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke

Melgarejo,

Gurel,

Compton

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONWe tested the association of brain artery diameters with dementia and stroke risk in three distinct population‐based studies using conventional T2‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images.METHODSWe included 8420 adults > 40 years old from three longitudinal population‐based studies with brain MRI scans. We estimated and meta‐analyzed the hazard ratios (HRs) of the brain and carotids and basilar diameters associated with dementia and stroke.RESULTOverall and carotid artery diameters > 95th percentile increased the risk for dementia by 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–2.68) and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.12–1.96) fold, respectively. For stroke, meta‐analyses yielded HRs of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.04–2.42) for overall arteries and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.45–3.08) for basilar artery diameters > 95th percentile.DISCUSSIONIndividuals with dilated brain arteries are at higher risk for dementia and stroke, across distinct populations. Our findings underline the potential value of T2‐weighted brain MRI‐based brain diameter assessment in estimating the risk of dementia and stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke

Melgarejo,

Gurel,

Compton

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Circulating endothelial and angiogenic cells predict hippocampal volume as a function of HIV status

et al. 2022

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Impact of tumour characteristics and cancer treatment on cerebrovascular mortality after glioma diagnosis: Evidence from a population-based cancer registry

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveWe aimed to examine brain tumour grade, a marker of biological aggressiveness, tumour size and cancer treatment are associated with cerebrovascular mortality among patients with malignant glioma, the most common and aggressive type of brain tumour.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study using the US National Cancer Institute’s state and regional population-based cancer registries. We identified adult patients with glioma in 2000 to 2018 (N=72,916). The primary outcome was death from cerebrovascular disease. Cox regression modelling was used to estimate the associations with cerebrovascular mortality of tumour grade, tumour size and treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), calculating hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for these factors as well as for age, sex, race, marital status and calendar year.ResultsHigher grade (Grade IV vs Grade II: HR=2.47, 95% CI=1.69-3.61, p<0.001) and larger brain tumours (size 3 to <6 cm: HR=1.40, 95% CI=1.03 -1.89, p<0.05; size ≥ 6 cm: HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.02-2.13, p<0.05 compared to size < 3cm) were associated with increased cerebrovascular mortality. Cancer treatment was associated with decreased risk (surgery: HR= 0.60, p<0.001; chemotherapy: HR=0.42, p<0.001; radiation: HR= 0.69, p<0.05). However, among patents surviving five years or more from cancer diagnosis radiotherapy was associated with higher risk of cerebrovascular mortality (HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.49-4.99, p<0.01).ConclusionMore aggressive tumour characteristics are associated with increased cerebrovascular mortality. Radiotherapy increased risk of cerebrovascular mortality five-year after cancer diagnosis. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term cardiovascular consequences of radiation therapy, and whether the consequent risk can be mitigated.

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The Effects of Hypertension on Cerebral Artery Structure and Function, and Cerebral Blood Flow

Cited by 4 publications

References 219 publications

Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke

Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke

Circulating endothelial and angiogenic cells predict hippocampal volume as a function of HIV status

Impact of tumour characteristics and cancer treatment on cerebrovascular mortality after glioma diagnosis: Evidence from a population-based cancer registry

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