The Effects of<i>Combretum zeyheri</i>Leaf Extract on Ergosterol Synthesis in<i>Candida albicans</i>

Mutasa, Tichaona; Mangoyi, Rumbidzai; Mukanganyama, Stanley

doi:10.1080/10496475.2014.941451

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The use of Combretum species in folk medicine include treatment of a large range of ailments including headaches, abdominal disorders, fever, gallstones, gastric ulcers, diarrhea, bilharzia, dysentery, hookworm, sore throat, pneumonia, urinary tract cleaning and conjunctivitis. Phytochemical studies on the Combretum genus have demonstrated the presence of various classes of phytoconstituents among them flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins [ 10 ]. Combretum zeyheri extracts have been shown inhibit ABC-type drug efflux pumps [ 4 ], and inhibit ergosterol synthesis in C. albicans [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro toxicity determination of antifungal constituents from Combretum zeyheri

Mapfunde

Sithole

Mukanganyama

2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundCandida albicans is one of the organisms living on the human body symbiotically, but, in hosts with low immunity it becomes one of the most pathogenic fungal organisms. Combretum zeyheri has been reported to have antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Medicinal plants are believed to be non-toxic by the general public. Toxicity studies, however, have indicated that they are capable of causing numerous side effects, therefore, evaluation of safety is required. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of the antifungal constituents of Combretum zeyheri on mammalian cells.MethodsAlkaloids, saponins, flavonoids-enriched extracts and crude ethanol extracts were prepared from the leaves of Combretum zeyheri. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate for antifungal activity, with miconazole used as the positive control. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine cell viability of the Candida albicans cells. The most potent extracts; the ethanol extract, alkaloids and saponins respectively, were further tested for their toxicity on sheep erythrocytes, mouse peritoneal macrophages and Jurkat T cells.ResultsAll Combretum zeyheri extracts displayed a dose-dependent antifungal activity and had IC50 values ranging from 16 μg/ml to 159 μg/ml for Candida albicans. The alkaloids, saponins and ethanol extracts were found to be non-toxic towards mouse peritoneal cells and Jurkat T cells. In the haemolysis assay, all extracts were haemolytic at varying degrees and showed their greatest haemolytic activity at the highest concentration of 5 mg/ml. The saponins were the least haemolytic, followed by the ethanol extracts and the alkaloids respectively. Although these extracts were haemolytic to some extent, they may considered safe at therapeutic concentrations since there was a large difference between the antifungal IC50 and haemolysis EC50 values, hence a large therapeutic window.ConclusionsCombretum zeyheri antifungal constituents are, therefore, a potential source of lead compounds which can be developed into antifungal drugs of natural origin owing to Combretum zeyheri’s effective antifungal activity and low toxicity to mammalian cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytochemical studies on the Combretum genus have demonstrated the presence of various classes of phytoconstituents among them flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins [ 10 ]. Combretum zeyheri extracts have been shown inhibit ABC-type drug efflux pumps [ 4 ], and inhibit ergosterol synthesis in C. albicans [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro toxicity determination of antifungal constituents from Combretum zeyheri

Mapfunde

Sithole

Mukanganyama

2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Leaves, stem bark and fruits of both species presented antifungal activity against different Candida spp. (Cock and Van Vuuren, 2015;Fyhrquist et al, 2004;Mangoyi et al, 2015;Masoko et al, 2007;Mutasa et al, 2015;Runyoro et al, 2013). Antiinflammatory activities (inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase) were detected in leaves of both species (Chimponda and Mukanganyama, 2015;Eloff et al, 2001;McGaw et al, 2001).…”

Section: Combretaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Woody species from the Mozambican Miombo woodlands: A review on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological potential

Moura¹,

Duvane²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Miombo woodlands cover about two thirds of Mozambique national territory. They provide a wide collection of goods and services to the formal and informal economies. A review on the traditional uses of 15 Miombo tree species in human and animal health, as well as the status of research towards the identification of bioactive compounds is presented. Among the 15 species selected, 12 have been screened for their biological activity and/or pharmacological properties and/or toxicity. The information gathered in this work is a key to further exploit potential new uses and future opportunities for research and valorization of the selected species.

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“…Meanwhile, the human body has an inherent antioxidative mechanism and many of the biological functions such as the antimutagenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-aging responses originate from this property (Gocer &Gulcin, 2011 andGulcin, 2012). Medicinal plants also represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents (Mutasa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Environmental Fluctuations in Phytochemical Constituents of Some Xerophytes Inhabiting Wadi Sudr and Their Antimicrobial Bioactivity

2018

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T RADITIONAL medicinal plants are an important economic source of raw materials for the drug industry. Nowadays, searching for new sources of drug raw materials is an important issue to meet the ever increasing demands. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening of the dominated xerophytes inhabiting Wadi Sudr, South Sinai, including Retama raetam, Reaumaria hirtella, Tamarix nilotica and Zygophyllum dumosum, was performed. The accumulation levels of some natural bioactive products including phenols, flavonoids and saponins were determined during spring and summer. The investigated species exhibited significant increases in total free amino acids during spring, while they tend to accumulate total soluble sugars, sucrose and secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins and saponins during the dry summer season. Such increments in these metabolites were concomitant with the greatly reducing power capacity. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of extracts from these shrubs were evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms (2 bacterial species; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and 2 fungal species; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus). Of the tested alternatives, methanolic extract was the most active fraction, while Tamarix nilotica was the most active plant species against the four tested microorganisms, especially Candida albicans. Furthermore, The MIC of the methanolic fraction of Tamarix nilotica and its effect on ergosterol and leakage of intracellular components of cells of Candida albicans showed that this shrub displays its fungicidal effects by targeting the ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and disrupting the membrane integrity. In conclusion, these shrubs are promising new sources for potent antioxidants and useful antimicrobial agents.

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The Effects ofCombretum zeyheriLeaf Extract on Ergosterol Synthesis inCandida albicans

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

In vitro toxicity determination of antifungal constituents from Combretum zeyheri

In vitro toxicity determination of antifungal constituents from Combretum zeyheri

Woody species from the Mozambican Miombo woodlands: A review on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological potential

Assessment of Environmental Fluctuations in Phytochemical Constituents of Some Xerophytes Inhabiting Wadi Sudr and Their Antimicrobial Bioactivity

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