The effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens on spatial learning and extinction in the rat

Annett, L. E.; McGregor, Alison; Robbins, Trevor W.

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(89)90005-3

Cited by 223 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These data concur with findings from studies with experimental animals showing that reversal learning is altered by (i) damage to the ventral striatum, specifically the NAc (Divac et al, 1967;Annett et al, 1989;Stern and Passingham, 1995;Schoenbaum and Setlow, 2003) and (ii) dopaminergic modulation of the NAc (Taghzouti et al, 1985;Smith et al, 1999). Neurophysiological findings have shown that NAc neurons encode a combination of outcomepredictive information and behavioral switching and may indicate that NAc neurons encode behavioral switching only when they encode outcome-predicting information (Wilson and Bowman, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Second, significant reversal-related activity in the ventral striatum was observed during the same task in our previous fMRI experiment with young controls (Cools et al, 2002a). Third, studies with experimental animals indicate that the ventral striatum is essential for reversal learning (Divac et al, 1967;Annett et al, 1989;Stern and Passingham, 1995;Schoenbaum and Setlow, 2003;Taghzouti et al, 1985;Smith et al, 1999). The effects of L-DOPA on reversal-related activity in the NAc of older healthy participants during probabilistic reversal learning are currently under investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Our finding of normal reversal learning coupled with disrupted NAc activity in patients ON L-DOPA suggests that switching in the present paradigm did not depend on supra-threshold NAc activity. Reversal learning most likely does depend on supra-threshold NAc activity in single-reversal tasks, because tonic DA release, DA receptor activation and damage in the NAc have been shown to disrupt such one-time reversal learning (Smith et al, 1999;Schoenbaum and Setlow, 2003;Goto and Grace, 2005;Divac et al, 1967;Taghzouti et al, 1985;Annett et al, 1989;Stern and Passingham, 1995). However, the extensive practice in the present task likely enabled participants (ON as well as OFF L-DOPA) to rely on different (cortical) neural mechanisms, helping them to perform well despite accumbens abnormality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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L-DOPA Disrupts Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens during Reversal Learning in Parkinson's Disease

Cools

Lewis

Clark

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

268

210

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Evidence indicates that dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease may impair certain aspects of cognitive function, such as reversal learning. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with mild Parkinson's disease to investigate the neural site at which L-DOPA acts during reversal learning. Patients were scanned both ON and OFF their normal dopamine-enhancing L-DOPA medication during the performance of a probabilistic reversal learning task. We demonstrate that L-DOPA modulated reversal-related activity in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the dorsal striatum or the prefrontal cortex. These data concur with evidence from studies with experimental animals and indicate an important role for the human nucleus accumbens in the dopaminergic modulation of reversal learning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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L-DOPA Disrupts Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens during Reversal Learning in Parkinson's Disease

Cools

Lewis

Clark

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

268

210

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“…This finding is consistent with insensitivity to changes in delay to reinforcement. Finally, NAC lesions prevented decreases in run speeds that are normally observed when reinforcers were omitted on a T-maze [45], also suggesting insensitivity to changes in delayed reinforcement contingencies. These reports, considered in the context of the present study, suggest that the NAC may be important for adapting behavior in response to delayed consequences, when these relationships are initially learned or when contingencies of delayed reinforcement are changed.…”

Section: Supporting Evidence For a Role Of The Nac In Adapting To Temmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…More evidence for a major role of the NAC in delayed reinforcement can be obtained from previous studies on the effects of NAC lesions on operant responding in rats [44][45][46]. NAC core lesions impaired the acquisition of responding for delayed but not immediate reinforcement [46].…”

Section: Supporting Evidence For a Role Of The Nac In Adapting To Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus accumbens lesions decrease sensitivity to rapid changes in the delay to reinforcement

Acheson

Farrar

Patak

et al. 2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Both humans and non-humans discount the value of rewards that are delayed or uncertain, and individuals that discount delayed rewards at a relatively high rate are considered impulsive. To investigate the neural mechanisms that mediate delay discounting, the present study examined the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus accumbens (NAC) on discounting of reward value by delay and probability. Rats were trained on delay (n = 24) or probability discounting (n = 24) tasks. Following training, excitotoxic lesions of the NAC were made by intracranial injections of 0.5 µl 0.15 M quinolinic acid (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 12) aimed at the NAC (AP +1.6, ML ±1.5, DV −7.1). NAC lesions did not alter performance in animals tested with a constant delay (4 s) or probability (0.4) of reinforcement. However, when tested with between session changes in the delay (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 s) of reinforcement, the lesioned rats had flatter discount curves than the sham group, indicating that they were less sensitive to frequent changes in the delay to reward. In contrast, the NAC lesions did not affect discounting of probabilistic rewards. NAC lesions impaired the ability to adapt to frequent between session changes in the delay to reward but did not increase or decrease discounting when the delay was held constant across sessions. NAC lesions may disrupt the ability of the animals to predict the timing of delayed rewards when the delay to reward is changed frequently.

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The nucleus accumbens and learning and memory

Setlow

1997

J. Neurosci. Res.

107

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Recent research on the nucleus accumbens (NA) indicates that this brain region is involved in learning and memory processes in a way that is separable from its other well-known roles in behavior, such as motivation, reward, and locomotor activity. These findings have suggested that 1) the NA may be involved in declarative, or hippocampal formation-dependent learning and memory, and not in several other non-declarative forms of learning and memory, and 2) the NA may be selectively involved in certain stages of learning and memory. These characteristics suggest that the NA may be part of a larger striatal system which subserves acquisition and consolidation, but is not a site of long-term storage, of different forms of learning and memory.

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The effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens on spatial learning and extinction in the rat

Cited by 223 publications

References 52 publications

L-DOPA Disrupts Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens during Reversal Learning in Parkinson's Disease

L-DOPA Disrupts Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens during Reversal Learning in Parkinson's Disease

Nucleus accumbens lesions decrease sensitivity to rapid changes in the delay to reinforcement

The nucleus accumbens and learning and memory

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