The effects of immune rhesus monkey serum on schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni during cultivation in vitro

Clegg, J. A.; Smithers, S. R.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(72)90036-7

Cited by 322 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A Puerto Rican strain ofSchistosoma mansoni, maintained in our laboratory, was used in these studies. Schistosomula were obtained by cercarial penetration of isolated mouse skin (8). The organisms were washed extensively in PBS and counted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Flanigan¹,

King

Lett³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Flanigan¹,

King

Lett³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Scopoletin, horseradish peroxidase, and catalase were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., and H202 for standard curves from Fisher Scientific Co. (Pittsburgh, Pa.). Triplicate preparations of 5.0 x 106 leukocytes were mixed with 1 ml of RPMI 1640 (KC Biological, Inc.) containing 2,500 schistosomula of a Puerto Rican strain of S. mansoni (prepared by penetration of mouse skin) (25) in round bottom borosilicate tubes (T1285-3, Scientific Products Div., American Hospital Supply Corp., McGaw Park, Ill.). A final concentration of 20% human serum was added from the following sources: (a) heat-inactivated normal serum; (b) equal volumes of heatinactivated (2 h at 56°C) pooled immune serum (obtained from Kenyans with documented S. mansoni infection) (26) and heat-inactivated normal serum; (c) equal volumes of fresh normal serum and heat-inactivated normal serum; (d) equal volumes of heat-inactivated immune serum and fresh normal serum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cell-generated Hydrogen Peroxide in Granulocyte-mediated Killing of Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni In Vitro

Kazura¹,

Fanning²,

Blumer³

1981

J. Clin. Invest.

100

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A B S T R A C T Human as well as murine granulocytes have been shown to kill the larval stages of helminth parasites; the mechanism of this cell-mediated cytotoxicity is, however, poorly understood. The present study was designed to assess the role of peroxidative processes in killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by human granulocytes in vitro. The rate of H202 production by human neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils was measured upon incubation with schistosomula alone or in the presence of specific antibody or complement. Opsonized parasites (antibody and/or complement) increased the rate of H202 production by neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils by respective percentages of 500, 500, and 371. The rate of H202 release was directly related to the number of granulocytes and to the proportion of cells attached to the surface of the schistosomula. Increased hydrogen peroxide release occurred by 10 min of incubation and was demonstrable up to 16 h after addition of leukocytes to schistosomula. The primary source of this oxygen product was found to be the granulocytes adherent to the schistosomula and not those that remained unattached. Hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils and eosinophils was quantitatively similar (schistosomula coated with antibody plus complement stimulated 5 x 106 neutrophils and eosinophils to release H202 at respective rates of 0.35 and 0.40 nmol/min). Granulocyte-mediated parasite killing correlated with rate of H202 generation; both processes were inhibited by catalase. To define further the role of oxidative metabolites, neutrophils and eosinophils of two subjects with chronic granThis work was presented, in part, at the national meeting of the Association of American Physicians, Washington, D. C. 1980.Receivedfor publication 24 April 1980 and in revisedform 12 September 1980. ulomatous disease were used; marked reduction of granulocyte-mediated parasite mortality was observed.Peroxidase was required for H202-mediated killing. Addition of the peroxidase inhibitors azide (1 mM), cyanide (1 mM), or aminotriazole (1 cM) to neutrophilschistosomula mixtures significantly reduced parasite cytotoxicity (P < 0.01); similar reduction was observed when eosinophils were used (P <0.01). Fixation of halide (iodide) to trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein (2.4-6.0 nmol/h per 107 neutrophils) was demonstrated in the presence of granulocytes, opsonins, and parasites; this process was completely inhibited by 1 mM azide.These data indicate that contact between the surfaces of human granulocytes and schistosomula results in release of cellular hydrogen peroxide and iodination. The generation of H202 and its interaction with peroxidase appear to be crucial in effecting in vitro granulocyte-mediated parasite cytotoxicity.

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“…A local strain of S. mansoni, recovered from naturally infected Biomphalaria pfeifferi, was maintained by passage in laboratory-bred snails and CBA mice, as described elsewhere (15). Schistesomula were prepared by allowing cercariae to penetrate an isolated preparation of mouse skin in vitro (16). The organisms recovered, which were contaminated with not more than 5-10% cercariae, were stored overnight at 4°C in Hank's balanced salt solution, pH 7.4, containing 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 ~g/ml streptomycin, together with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated damage to 51Cr-labeled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: damage by purieid eosinophils.

Butterworth¹,

David²,

Franks³

et al. 1977

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

174

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After earlier observations that antibody-dependent, cell-mediated damage to 51Cr-labeled schistosomula can be ablated by pretreatment of a mixed preparation of human peripheral blood leukocytes with an anti-eosinophil serum and complement, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of eosinophil-enriched cell preparations. Preparations containing up to 98.5% eosinophils and devoid of neutrophils were effective in mediating antibody-dependent damage to schistosomula. Preparations enriched in mononuclear cells or in neutrophils, and devoid of eosinophils, were inactive. Eosinophils from some patients with eosinophilia induced by schistosomiasis were less active on a cell-to-cell basis than cells from normal individuals. The possibility that such cells were initially blocked by immune complexes was considered, and it was found that reasonable cytotoxicity by purified eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia could be generated by overnight cultures. A possible requirement for cooperation between eosinophils and other cell types was also studied. Lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes failed to enhance eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity. These results provide further evidence that the eosinophil is the only cell in man responsible for antibody-dependent, complement-independent damage to schistosomula in vitro. Eosinophils from individuals, however, differ in their cytotoxic potential by a mechanism yet to be elucidated. The possible relationship of these findings to immunity in vivo is discussed.

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The effects of immune rhesus monkey serum on schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni during cultivation in vitro

Cited by 322 publications

References 11 publications

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Role of Cell-generated Hydrogen Peroxide in Granulocyte-mediated Killing of Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni In Vitro

Antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated damage to 51Cr-labeled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: damage by purieid eosinophils.

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