The effects of inbreeding, genetic dissimilarity and phenotype on male reproductive success in a dioecious plant

Austerlitz, Frédéric; Gleiser, Gabriela; Teixeira, Sara; Bernasconi, Giorgina

doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0652

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…We extracted genomic DNA from dried leaves from 258 field‐collected individuals using the Qiagen Biospring DNA kit. Genotypes were obtained for nine nuclear microsatellite regions previously isolated in S. latifolia : Sil 1, Sil 4, Sil 6, Sil 8 (Teixeira & Bernasconi 2007) and Sillat 06, Sillat 07, Sillat 08, Sillat 25 Sillat 28 (Austerlitz et al. 2011).…”

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Comparative population genetic structure in a plant-pollinator/seed predator system

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Comparative analyses of spatial genetic structure of populations of plants and the insects they interact with provide an indication of how gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift may jointly influence the distribution of genetic variation and potential for local co-adaptation for interacting species. Here, we analysed the spatial scale of genetic structure within and among nine populations of an interacting species pair, the white campion Silene latifolia and the moth Hadena bicruris, along a latitudinal gradient across Northern/Central Europe. This dioecious, short-lived perennial plant inhabits patchy, often disturbed environments. The moth H. bicruris acts both as its pollinator and specialist seed predator that reproduces by laying eggs in S. latifolia flowers. We used nine microsatellite markers for S. latifolia and eight newly developed markers for H. bicruris. We found high levels of inbreeding in most populations of both plant and pollinator/seed predator. Among populations, significant genetic structure was observed for S. latifolia but not for its pollinator/seed predator, suggesting that despite migration among populations of H. bicruris, pollen is not, or only rarely, carried over between populations, thus maintaining genetic structure among plant populations. There was a weak positive correlation between genetic distances of S. latifolia and H. bicruris. These results indicate that while significant structure of S. latifolia populations creates the potential for differentiation at traits relevant for the interaction with the pollinator/seed predator, substantial gene flow in H. bicruris may counteract this process in at least some populations.

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“…PCR was carried out in a final volume of 10 μL that contained 5–10 ng of template DNA, 2 μ m of each of the forward and reverse primers, and 1 × Qiagen HotStarTaq Plus Master Mix. PCR amplification was performed in a Biometra thermal cycler, following the conditions described for each locus in Austerlitz et al. 2011).…”

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Comparative population genetic structure in a plant-pollinator/seed predator system

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“…; Austerlitz et al. ; Rebernig et al. ), as well as to the expectation that pollen from selfers should be less competitive than pollen from outcrossers (Mazer et al.…”

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Rapid loss of self‐incompatibility in experimental populations of the perennial outcrossing plantLinaria cavanillesii

2019

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Transitions from self‐incompatibility to self‐compatibility in angiosperms may be frequently driven by selection for reproductive assurance when mates or pollinators are rare, and are often succeeded by loss of inbreeding depression by purging. Here, we use experimental evolution to investigate the spread of self‐compatibility from one such population of the perennial plant Linaria cavanillesii into self‐incompatible (SI) populations that still have high inbreeding depression. We introduced self‐compatible (SC) individuals at different frequencies into replicate experimental populations of L. cavanillesii that varied in access to pollinators. Our experiment revealed a rapid shift to self‐compatibility in all replicates, driven by both greater seed set and greater outcross siring success of SC individuals. We discuss our results in the light of computer simulations that confirm the tendency of self‐compatibility to spread into SI populations under the observed conditions. Our study illustrates the ease with which self‐compatibility can spread among populations, a requisite for species‐wide transitions from self‐incompatibility to self‐compatibility.

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“…HUDSON 1998 experimental work has shown that the pollen received while visiting a male flower is deposited on the next three female flowers (LABOUCHE and BERNASCONI 2010). This limits the extent of dispersal, as shown also by a paternity analysis (AUSTERLITZ et al 2012). Also seed dispersal between established populations is likely to be limited in this species were seeds are gravity dispersed.…”

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“…These chapters reveal the interesting result of differential inferences based upon molecular marker origin, and the failure of current population genetic models to accommodate such heterogeneities. I present a model in Chapter 3 based upon the identification of inbreeding avoidance in the focal species (AUSTERLITZ et al 2012;RICHARDS et al 1999) as well as differential explanatory power of molecular markers derived from heterogeneous genomic regions for identifying Heterozygosity Fitness Correlations (or HFCs) (OLANO-MARIN et al 2011).…”

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Genetic analysis of metapopulation processes in Silene latifolia

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Molecular population genetics is one of the fastest growing areas of biological research, being of central importance to understanding human history, diversity, and the potential for personalized medicine. The field uses the fact that historical processes such as change in population size, rates and pathways of migration, and natural selection, all leave distinct footprints in an organism's DNA. Modern population genetics involves a rich arsenal of statistical tools that use DNA sequence data to make inferences about the evolutionary history of organisms and the genetic basis of their traits. My dissertation focuses on identifying the importance of selective and non-selective forces at different, hierarchically nested, biological levels in spatially structured (meta-)populations. In particular, my dissertation research This dissertation has derived a number of interesting inferences concerning the consequences of spatial population structure. Molecular marker specific evolutionary processes, and its concomitant variation, will determine both the type and accuracy of population genetic inferences available. The expectation of an inverse relationship between fitness and F will not always hold, and this discrepancy might be attributed to processes associated with population structure.Historical contingency will play a dominant role in determining the role of selective processes determining the quantity and distribution of neutral molecular variation, as well as asynchrony in the co-evolutionary process in spatially structured hostpathogen systems. Mean levels of cyto-nuclear disequilibrium are generally quite stable over up to seven generations of the focal plant species, though specific associations are quite labile and are highly affected by drift-like processes. And finally, intra-demic selection can be active in "everyday", natural metapopulations, through hard selection acting on differential colonization, where different levels of selection are not necessarily in opposition to one another. Taken together, my dissertation aims to provide a unique window into the current and historical factors distributing population genetic diversity, but also how this structure will affect the evolution of the system itself. Continued long-term monitoring, iterative sampling, application of newer sequencing technologies, and the development of newer 4 analytical methodologies will continue to show interesting biological dynamics taking place as the result of spatial population structure. 5 ACKNOWLEGMENTSThere are many people that must be thanked for the help and guidance they have provided, allowing me to finish this dissertation. Though the exact origin of the adage "It takes a village" is unknown, I find it an apt description nonetheless.

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The effects of inbreeding, genetic dissimilarity and phenotype on male reproductive success in a dioecious plant

Cited by 19 publications

References 73 publications

Comparative population genetic structure in a plant-pollinator/seed predator system

Comparative population genetic structure in a plant-pollinator/seed predator system

Rapid loss of self‐incompatibility in experimental populations of the perennial outcrossing plantLinaria cavanillesii

Genetic analysis of metapopulation processes in Silene latifolia

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