2016
DOI: 10.1159/000438639
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The Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro

Abstract: Background/Aims: Indoxyl sulfate, an important protein-bound uremic toxin, can damage stem cells, thus hampering stem cell-based regenerative medicine approaches targeting chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are thought to have promising clinical application because of their high proliferative potential and ease of isolation than MSCs from other sources. In the present study, we aimed to determine the harmful effects of indoxyl sulfate on the phenotype … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…The Ki-67 antigen, first described in 1983, is a labile, non-histone nuclear protein that is expressed in all phases of proliferating cells, except G0 and early G1 [36,37]. This protein is encoded by the 15 exon-spanning MKI67 gene mapping to chromosome 10q26.2 [38,39].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Ki-67 antigen, first described in 1983, is a labile, non-histone nuclear protein that is expressed in all phases of proliferating cells, except G0 and early G1 [36,37]. This protein is encoded by the 15 exon-spanning MKI67 gene mapping to chromosome 10q26.2 [38,39].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the effect to some diseases are obvious, including liver damage, spinal cord injury, degenerative disease, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmune diseases [8, 9]. UC-MSCs are thought to have promising clinical application because of their high proliferative potential and ease of isolation than MSCs from other sources [10]. This is expected to become a large-scale production of “stem cell drugs.”…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such desirable characteristics present a promising solution targeted to patients with CKD. However, the clinical applicability of MSCs is significantly inhibited by the high concentration of uremic toxins present in the blood of the patients, as these toxins induce senescence and apoptosis of MSCs [ 17 ]. More specifically, IS is one of the most ubiquitous protein-bound uremic toxins in patients with CKD that may inhibit the effective application of MSCs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, as damaged tissues lead to pathophysiological conditions, such as low nutrients, limited oxygen, and inflammation, the survival of transplanted MSCs into the targeted tissues is drastically decreased. Consequently, the main limiting factor of MSC therapy is that, as MSCs age, they undergo only a limited number of divisions before ceasing to proliferate [ 17 ]. Moreover, MSC senescence has been associated with diminished differentiation potential, which reduces the intended therapeutic applicability [ 18 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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