The effects of inhalation anaesthetics on common clinical pathology parameters in laboratory rats

Deckardt, K.; Weber, Ingrid Távora; Kaspers, U.; Hellwig, J.; Tennekes, Henk; Ravenzwaay, Bennard van

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.03.005

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(Levine BS, 1995) In humans undergoing inhalation anaesthesia it has been observed that creatinine was within normal range, while BUN was affected in a small number of subjects with no clinical importance (Nishiyama, 2013) which is in agreement with our results. Male and female rats exposed to isoflurane anaesthesia through vaporiser presented decreased creatinine levels (Deckardt et al, 2007). In the same study by Decartd and colleagues (2007) urea levels were not altered which is in agreement with our findings as far as NCA and VA groups are concerned.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Lelovas

Stasinopoulou

Balafas

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT.The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of three different anaesthetic protocols on blood and biochemical parameters. Eighteen female Wistar rats (HsdOla:WI) 3 months old, weighting 197.09 ± 7.39 g were used. Baseline blood collection was performed in all animals from the lateral coccygeal vein for evaluation of glucose. The animals were then randomly allocated to receive one of three different anaesthetic protocols: dexmedetomidine/ketamine intramuscularly (0.25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively), or isoflurane 0.2 ml on cotton inside a syringe case, or isoflurane administered by vaporiser (5% induction and 2-3% maintenance of anaesthesia, delivered in oxygen flow 1 L/min). Blood samples were collected from caudal vena cava for complete blood count and biochemical analysis, while the lung and the liver were harvested for histological evaluation. Comparison between groups, as far as complete blood count parameters is concerned, revealed statistical significant differences in red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin values with lower values being observed in vaporiser anaesthesia group. Furthermore, within group comparison revealed statistical significant differences for glucose in all three groups. No evidence of inflammatory, degenerative neoplastic or toxicity related lesions were observed during histological evaluation of the lung and liver.Keywords: Anaesthesia; Rats; Blood parameters ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ. Ο στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να προσδιοριστεί η επίδραση τριών διαφορετικών πρωτοκόλλων αναισθησίας στις αιματολογικές και βιοχημικές παραμέτρους. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεκαοχτώ θηλυκοί επίμυες Wistar (WI HsdOla) ηλικίας 3 μηνών, που ζύγιζαν 197,09 ± 7,39 g. Η αρχική αιμοληψία πραγματοποιήθηκε σε όλα τα ζώα από την πλάγια κοκκυγική φλέβα για την αξιολόγηση των επιπέδων γλυκόζης. Τα ζώα στη συνέχεια χωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε 3 ομάδες ώστε να λάβουν ένα από τα τρία διαφορετικά αναισθητικά πρωτόκολλα: δεξμεδετομιδίνη/κεταμίνη ενδομυϊκά (0,25 mg/kg και 50 mg/kg αντίστοιχα), βαμβάκι εμποτισμένο με 0,2 ml ισοφλουρανίου τοποθετημένο μέσα σε σύριγγα, ή ισοφλουράνιο χορηγούμενο με αναισθητική μηχανή (5% για εισαγωγή στην αναισθησία και 2-3% για συντήρηση , ροή οξυγόνου 1 L/min). Συλλέχθηκαν δείγματα αίματος από την οπίσθια κοίλη φλέβα για τη γενική αίματος και τις βιοχημικές αναλύσεις, ενώ συλλέχθηκαν ο πνεύμονας και το ήπαρ για ιστολογική αξιολόγηση. Η σύγκριση μεταξύ των ομάδων, όσον αφορά τις αιματολογικές παραμέτρους κατέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στις τιμές των ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων, του αιματοκρίτη και της αιμοσφαιρίνης με τις χαμηλότερες τιμές να παρατηρούνται στην ομάδα με τη χρήση αναισθητικής μηχανής. Η σύγκριση εντός της ομάδας κατέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στα επίπεδα γλυκόζης και για τις τρεις ομάδες. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν ενδεί-ξεις αλλοιώσεων σχετικών με φλεγμονή, εκφυλιστική νεοπλασία ή τοξικότητα κατά την ιστολογική αξιολόγηση του πνεύμονα και του ήπατος.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Similar results were found when patients were exposed twice to general anaesthesia. In a study conducted on rats, Deckardt et al (2007) reported that ALT was not altered under isoflurane anaesthesia. In the present investigation AST and ALKP values where higher when compared to reference values, while ALT values were between normal range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Lelovas

Stasinopoulou

Balafas

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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show abstract

“…In many areas of biomedical research utilizing animals, sedation and/or euthanasia by anesthetic agents is commonly performed prior to tissue collection in order to minimize pain and distress to the animal. However, depending on their particular mechanisms of action as well as administration regimen, different methods of anesthesia may induce undetected alterations in physiology through engaging the stress endocrine system [1, 2]. These subtle changes may subsequently impact numerous other physiological processes that may include the endpoints of focus, thus producing a confounding effect on the metrics of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief anesthesia by isoflurane alters plasma corticosterone levels distinctly in male and female rats: Implications for tissue collection methods

Bekhbat

Merrill

Kelly

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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Euthanasia by anesthetic agents is commonly performed prior to tissue collection in order to minimize pain and distress to the animal. However, depending on their mechanism of action as well as administration regimen, different methods of anesthesia may trigger an acute stress response through engaging the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which can impact numerous other physiological processes that the researcher may wish to examine as endpoints. We investigated the effects of the commonly used anesthetic agent isoflurane on two different endpoints related to the stress response: plasma corticosterone levels and gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as well as several of its regulators including FK506-binding protein 51 (Fkbp5) in the hippocampus of male and female rats. Our results indicate that brief exposure to anesthesia by isoflurane prior to decapitation can alter plasma corticosterone levels differentially in male and female rats within minutes without impacting gene expression in the hippocampus. We conclude that collection methods can influence stress-related physiological endpoints in female rats and the potential influence of even brief anesthesia as well as sex differences in response to anesthesia should be evaluated during the experimental design process and data interpretation. This finding is particularly important in light of new NIH standards regarding sex and reproducibility, and care should be taken to be certain that sex differences in endpoints of interest are not an artifact of sex differences in response to collection paradigms.

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“…28,29 In the current study, blood biochemistry showed no significant effect on hepatic function with LPS even though minor histological lesions were present in all LPS groups, suggesting that sufficient normal hepatic tissue is still present to preserve liver function. Even without lesions, hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia are frequently observed with isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, 10,30 suggesting an effect on hepatic metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of endotoxemia on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Sprague–Dawley rats

Veilleux-Lemieux¹,

Beaudry²,

Hélie³

et al. 2012

VMRR

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Purpose:To evaluate the effects of endotoxemia on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) intramuscularly following the intraperitoneal administration of different lipopolysaccharide concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg/kg) to simulate different levels of endotoxemia. Results were compared to control animals receiving saline intraperitoneally. During anesthesia, a toe pinch was performed to evaluate anesthesia duration, and selected physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature) were taken. Blood samples were also taken during anesthesia at selected time points for the analysis of plasmatic ketamine and xylazine concentrations by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Blood samples were taken 1 week prior to and 24 hours following anesthesia for blood biochemistry. Results: Anesthesia duration significantly increased for moderate (10 µg/kg) and high (100 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide groups. Liver histopathology showed minor to moderate necrosis in all lipopolysaccharide groups in some animals. The most important physiological change that occurred was a decrease in oxygen saturation, and for blood biochemistry a decrease in serum albumin. Ketamine pharmacokinetics were not affected except for the moderate (10 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide group where a decrease in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, a decrease in half-life, and an increase in the clearance were observed. For xylazine, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve increased and the clearance decreased in the moderate (10 µg/kg) and high (100 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide groups. Conclusion: During ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, endotoxemia may alter xylazine pharmacokinetics and selected biochemical and physiological parameters, suggesting that anesthetic drug dosages could be modified for a more rapid recovery.

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The effects of inhalation anaesthetics on common clinical pathology parameters in laboratory rats

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Brief anesthesia by isoflurane alters plasma corticosterone levels distinctly in male and female rats: Implications for tissue collection methods

Effects of endotoxemia on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Sprague–Dawley rats

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The effects of inhalation anaesthetics on common clinical pathology parameters in laboratory rats

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

Brief anesthesia by isoflurane alters plasma corticosterone levels distinctly in male and female rats: Implications for tissue collection methods

Effects of endotoxemia on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Sprague&ndash;Dawley rats

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Effects of endotoxemia on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Sprague–Dawley rats