The Effects of Injector Temperature on Spray and Combustion Characteristics in a Single Cylinder DISI Engine

Moon, Seoksu; Choi, Jaehoon; Abo-Serie, Essam; Bae, Choongsik

doi:10.4271/2005-01-0101

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar vortex has been observed by several researchers, e.g. [1,7,8], for pressure-swirl atomizers at spray-collapse conditions, suggesting the presence of fuel vapor which is being entrained into the air flow under motion due to shearing along the combined spray plume boundary. The vortex is also evident for Fuel 6 (npentane), but was more pronounced at the condition of 90 °C fuel temperature and 0.5 bar gas pressure, as shown in the instantaneous images of Figure 14.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Effect of Fuel Properties on Spray Development from a Multi-Hole DISI Engine Injector

Romunde¹,

Aleiferis²,

Cracknell³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Extensive literature exists on spray development, mixing and combustion regarding engine modeling and diagnostics using single-component and model fuels. However, often the variation in data between different fuels, particularly relating to spray development and its effect on combustion, is neglected or overlooked. By injecting into a quiescent chamber, this work quantifies the differences in spray development from a multi-hole direct-injection spark-ignition engine injector for two single-component fuels (iso-octane and n-pentane), a non-fluorescing multi-component model fuel which may be used for in-cylinder Laser Induced Fluorescence experiments, and several grades of pump gasoline (with and without additives). High-speed recordings of the sprays were made for a range of fuel temperatures and gas pressures. It is shown that a fuel temperature above that of the lowest boiling point fraction of the tested fuel at the given gas pressure causes a convergence of the spray plumes. Increasing the fuel temperature increases this convergence, whilst an associated increased rate of evaporation tends to reduce the penetration of individual plumes. The convergence increases gradually with increasing fuel temperature until all plumes combine to form a single wider plume with a penetration rate greater than that of the individual plumes. When all plumes are converged to form a single plume along a central axis to all the plumes, any further increase in fuel temperature at the given gas pressure acts to increase the rate of evaporation of the fuel. At experiments up to 180 °C fuel temperature and down to 0.3 bar absolute gas pressure, none of the tested fuels were found to spontaneously vaporize; all observed spray formations being a gradual evolution. Increasing the gas pressure at any given fuel temperature, leads to an increase in the boiling temperature of all components of that fuel and, hence, diminishes these effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Effect of Fuel Properties on Spray Development from a Multi-Hole DISI Engine Injector

Romunde¹,

Aleiferis²,

Cracknell³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Increasing the injector temperature decreased the spray penetration distance and increased the spray width in slit injectors [97]; however, a reverse trend was observed with a swirl injector. A slit injector is a type of injector that produces a fan spray structure.…”

Section: Gdi Injector Designmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, low injector tip temperature may have a negative effect on the spray pattern and combustion stability [97]. High injector temperatures lead to a compact spray and smaller fuel droplets [30,97,98].…”

Section: Gdi Injector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

157

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Controlling fuel injector deposits is recognised as a challenge for advanced direct-injection sparkignition (DISI) engines. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the research on formation, measurement, effect, and mitigation of injector deposits in DISI engines. Methodologies for the injector deposit studies include visual and compositional analysis. It is shown that injector deposits will reduce injector fuel flow rates, and lead to changes in spray characteristics. Consequently, spray angle and envelope are likely to be affected, and spray penetration distance as well as droplet diameter can be increased. Injector deposits are revealed to be primarily fuel-derived and created by two distinct free radical pathways, i.e., low temperature auto-oxidation and high temperature pyrolysis. Fuel compositions (olefins, aromatics, and sulphur), as well as T90 parameter, are significant factors in injector deposit formation. The worst consequences of injector fouling are pre-ignition, and engine misfiring and malfunction. Emissions, especially particulates, dramatically increase as the fuel injector becomes fouled. It appears that fuel detergent is the most effective method in controlling injector deposit formation if its chemistry and dosage rate are optimized. Outward opening piezo-driven injector configuration with a good surface finish, a sharp nozzle inlet, and a counter bore design, is useful in preventing injector deposit formation. Reducing injector nozzle temperature by methods such as designing special injector cooling passages, and improving engine design are also proven to be 2 helpful in reducing injector fouling. Anti-deposit coatings only delay the onset of injector deposit formation.

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“…The effect of airflow on fan spray characteristics has been studied using linear instability analyses [5,6] and experimental investigation of macroscopic and microscopic spray development [7]. In addition, there has been much research on the effect of fuel temperature on fan spray characteristics [8,9]. However, the spatial distribution of droplet sizes and the mixture formation of fan spray at various fuel temperatures and air flow conditions, critical factors in optimizing homogeneous and stratified charge combustion, have not yet been sufficiently investigated.…”

Section: Back To Menumentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of droplet size distribution and in-cylinder mixture formation from a slit injector in a direct-injection gasoline engine

Moon

Choi

Yeom

et al. 2007

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The droplet size distribution and in-cylinder mixture formation of a slit injector were investigated under varied fuel temperature and air flow conditions. This variance in fuel temperature and air flow represents the altered spray momentum and external forces acting upon the spray. Phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) was used to investigate the effect of fuel temperature and air flow on droplet size distribution. The in-cylinder mixture formation process and the factors affecting the in-cylinder mixture distribution were analyzed under various fuel temperature and air flow conditions using laser induced fluorescence (LIF). When the fuel temperature and air flow velocity increased, the smaller droplets were entrained to the upper and central parts of the spray altering the initial droplet size distribution. The reduced spray momentum decreased the spray penetration in the combustion chamber, and the interaction between the spray and piston bowl was degraded. This phenomenon eventually caused a relatively lean and dispersed mixture distribution near the spark plug at high fuel temperatures. The optimal spray momentum and external force depend on the fuel quantity (air-fuel ratio) and piston bowl shape. Consequently, the spray momentum and the external forces acting upon the spray should be optimized to form the stoichiometric and welldistributed mixture near the spark plug.

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The Effects of Injector Temperature on Spray and Combustion Characteristics in a Single Cylinder DISI Engine

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Fuel Properties on Spray Development from a Multi-Hole DISI Engine Injector

Effect of Fuel Properties on Spray Development from a Multi-Hole DISI Engine Injector

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Measurements of droplet size distribution and in-cylinder mixture formation from a slit injector in a direct-injection gasoline engine

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