“…Designing a classroom that cultivates social presence and self-efficacy would entail encouraging interpersonal interaction and collaborative learning with peers and the instructor (Kehrwald, 2008). Online classrooms can be designed to incorporate text-based, computer-mediated, business communication features such as forums, blogs, and emails (Costley, 2016; Kehrwald, 2008), and video-based CMC using group projects (Keengwe et al, 2013). Or, through social networking websites (i.e., Facebook, Pinterest) using pictures and postings, which can foster a collaborative learning community (Huntington, 2022; Weidlich & Bastiaens, 2019).…”