The Effects of Internal and External Imagery on Muscular and Ocular Concomitants

Hale, Bruce D.

doi:10.1123/jsp.4.4.379

Cited by 102 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Inflow in this context refers to initial sensory information conveying sensation and proprioception [44] rather than muscular inflow [22,23]. The role of muscular inflow is implicit in psychoneuromuscular theory [32], which derives support from research showing increased muscle activation during internal (kinesthetic) imagery [16]. Lutz [29] provides strong evidence that this activity is a by-product of the central generation of a motor image not meaningfully related to skill acquisition or retention, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the assumption that kinesthetic imagery of action is more 'motor' than visual imagery of action. We assessed corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of a thumb-palm opposition movement by recording potentials evoked by TMS from two hand muscles that would (opponens pollicis, OP, target) or would not (abductor digiti minimi, ADM, control) be activated during actual performance of the very same movement. Participants were asked to imagine the thumb-palm opposition movement while maintaining first person imagery that was either purely visual or predominately kinesthetic. The motor imagery task was performed in two conditions in which the imagined and the actual hand could be either congruent or incongruent. Facilitation of potentials recorded from OP was higher during imagery carried out in mentally congruent than incongruent postures. This effect was largely due to lack of excitability recorded during incongruent kinesthetic imagery, which was indistinguishable from baseline imagery of the static hand. All other conditions differed from static imagery regardless of position. No significant effects were found in a control muscle (ADM) thus indicating that the effect was not related to spatial coding. Subjective reports obtained after the experiment indicate that the results cannot be ascribed to qualitative differences in the imagery experienced. For relatively simple motor tasks requiring no 'expertise' we found no detectable difference in the motor cortex due to imagery modality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Minas (1978) suggested that mental practice reinforces REED the sequencing of movement components. Second, imagined activity produces impulses along the neural pathways associated with the action, thereby producing gains in performance (Hale, 1982;Kohl & Roenker, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chronometric comparisons of imagery to action: Visualizing versus physically performing springboard dives

Reed

2002

Mem Cogn

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Motor imagery research emphasizes similarities between the mental imagery of an action and its physical execution. In this study, temporal differences between motor imagery and its physical performance as a function of performer expertise, skill complexity, and spatial ability were investigated. Physical execution times for springboard dives were compared with visualized execution times. Results indicate that physical and visualized performance times were not identical: Their relation is a function of dive complexity and diver expertise, but not their interaction. Relative to physical time, visualization time increased with increased complexity, suggesting the involvement of capacity-limited working memory. A nonmonotonic relation was found for expertise: Unlike experts or novices, visualization time for intermediates was significantly slower than physical time. These temporal differences are most consistent with schematic differences in skill representation. Intermediates may be relatively slowed by greater amounts of nonautomatized knowledge, as compared with the automatized knowledge of experts or the sparse knowledge of novices.

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“…The researcher concluded that "imagery which more totally involves the individual in visual and kinesthetic experiences is more likely to produce localized neuromuscular outflow than merely visualizing and action." 11 This research gives validity to the imaging methods promoted by Sweigard as well as others who use internal visual and kinesthetic images to enhance specific muscular movements. The theory states that mental imagery improves alignment and movement coordination by altering reflexive, unconscious pathways within the nervous system and gives dancers and teachers ways to transcend unwanted physical habits that interfere with the fullest expression of bodily freedom in dance.…”

Section: Mental Imagery In Dance and Athletic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dancing With Your Head On: Mental Imagery Techniques for Dancers

Goldschmidt¹

2002

Journal of Dance Education

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The Effects of Internal and External Imagery on Muscular and Ocular Concomitants

Cited by 102 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Chronometric comparisons of imagery to action: Visualizing versus physically performing springboard dives

Dancing With Your Head On: Mental Imagery Techniques for Dancers

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